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Topic Review
Lipids and Lipoproteins in Pregnancy
Inflammation and oxidative stress are essential components in a myriad of pathogenic entities that lead to metabolic and chronic diseases. Moreover, inflammation in its different phases is necessary for the initiation and maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, an equilibrium between a necessary/pathologic level of inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy is needed to avoid disease development. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are important for a healthy pregnancy and a good neonatal outcome. Their role in fetal development during challenging situations is vital for maintaining the equilibrium. 
  • 271
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Nuclear Factor-like 2 Regulation and Inflammation
The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor [erythroid-derived 2]-like 2) is of major importance as the defense instrument against OS and alters anti-inflammatory activities related to different pathological states.
  • 267
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Artificial Intelligence
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has a global prevalence of around 4.1% and is associated with a low quality of life and increased healthcare costs. Current guidelines recommend that IBS is diagnosed using the symptom-based Rome IV criteria. Despite this, when patients seek medical attention, they are usually over-investigated. This issue might be resolved by novel technologies in medicine, such as the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). 
  • 347
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Galectin-1 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Galectin-1 is a unique and critical member of the galectin family, characterized by its ability to bind to β-galactoside-containing glycoconjugates. 
  • 374
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
HFOT in the Perioperative Setting and Procedural Sedation
High-flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) is a respiratory support system, through which high flows of humidified and heated gas are delivered to hypoxemic patients.
  • 226
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Dapagliflozin and Heart Failure
Heart failure (HF) is associated with a high morbidity and mortality burden. In light of more recent evidence, SGLT2 inhibitors are currently recommended as first-line therapy in managing patients with HF, regardless of ejection fraction, to reduce HF burden. The DAPA-HF and DELIVER trials, and particularly, the pooled analysis of both studies, have shown that dapagliflozin significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular death, all-cause death, total HF hospitalizations, and MACE in the whole spectrum of HF, with sustained benefits over time.
  • 250
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Hemorrhagic Transformation of Ischemic Strokes
Ischemic stroke (IS), resulting from insufficient blood supply to the brain, is among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. A potentially severe complication of the disease itself or its treatment aiming to restore optimal blood flow is hemorrhagic transformation (HT) increasing morbidity and mortality.
  • 302
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Retinal Prostheses
A retinal prosthesis, also known as a bionic eye, is a device that can be implanted to partially restore vision in patients with retinal diseases that have resulted in the loss of photoreceptors (e.g., age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa). There have been major breakthroughs in retinal prosthesis technology, with the creation of numerous types of implants, including epiretinal, subretinal, and suprachoroidal sensors. These devices can stimulate the remaining cells in the retina with electric signals to create a visual sensation.
  • 322
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
GPER in Metastasis and Tumoral Microenvironments
Estrogens and their role in cancer are well-studied, and some cancer types are classified in terms of their response to them. A G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has been described with relevance in cancer. GPER is a pleiotropic receptor with tissue-specific activity; in normal tissues, its activation is related to correct development and homeostasis, while in cancer cells, it can be pro- or anti-tumorigenic. Also, GPER replaces estrogen responsiveness in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-lacking cancer cell lines. One of the most outstanding activities of GPER is its role in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is relevant for metastasis development. In addition, the presence of this receptor in tumor microenvironment cells contributes to the phenotypic plasticity required for the dissemination and maintenance of tumors. These characteristics suggest that GPER could be a promising therapeutic target for regulating cancer development. 
  • 309
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Omega-3 Lipid Mediators in Chronic Liver Diseases
Omega-3s are found in three main forms, namely, α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18C:3 n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20C:5 n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22C:6 n-3).
  • 333
  • 07 Nov 2023
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