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Topic Review
Cystic Fibrosis Gastroenterologist's Transition from Pediatrics to Adult
Cystic Fibrosis is a chronic disease affecting multiple systems, including the GI tract. Clinical manifestation in patients can start as early as infancy and vary across different age groups. With the advent of new, highly effective modulators, the life expectancy of people with CF (PwCF) has improved significantly. Various GI aspects of CF care, such as nutrition, are linked to an overall improvement in morbidity, lung function and the quality of life of PwCF. The variable clinical presentations and management of GI diseases in pediatrics and adults with CF should be recognized. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure efficient transfer of information between pediatric and adult providers for proper continuity of management and coordination of care at the time of transition. 
  • 123
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Maternal Trait Mindfulness and Social Competence of Preschoolers
The impact of maternal trait mindfulness on the development of preschoolers' social competence is receiving increasing attention from researchers. (1) Maternal trait mindfulness was positively related to preschoolers' social competence; (2) Maternal self-control and problematic social media use independently mediated the relationship between maternal trait mindfulness and preschoolers' social competence; (3) Maternal self-control and problematic social media use play a chain-mediating role between maternal trait mindfulness and preschoolers' social competence. 
  • 284
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Pancreatic Cancer Treatment for Clinical Oncologists
Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive solid tumors and is showing increasing incidence. Here provide practical help for all clinical oncologists and to summarize the current management of PDAC using a simple “ABC method” (A—anatomical resectability, B—biological resectability and C—clinical conditions). For anatomically resectable PDAC without any high-risk factors (biological or conditional), the actual standard of care is represented by surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. The remaining PDAC patients should all be treated with initial systemic therapy, though the intent for each is different: for borderline resectable patients, the intent is neoadjuvant; for locally advanced patients, the intent is conversion; and for metastatic PDAC patients, the intent remains just palliative.
  • 104
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
The Kappa Opioid Receptor for Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) afflicts millions of people worldwide. While multiple therapeutics have recently been developed and approved as treatment agents, they are not 100% effective. Recent developments investigating the endogenous opioid system involvement in MS has revealed that agonists of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) have beneficial effects in both animal models of MS (and demyelinating disorders more generally) as well as in vitro models of remyelination. Several groups have contributed to this development.
  • 320
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Clinical manifestations of Fruit Allergy
Fruit allergies manifest with a diverse array of clinical presentations, ranging from localized contact allergies and oral allergy syndrome to the potential for severe systemic reactions including anaphylaxis. The scope of population-level prevalence studies remains limited, largely derived from single-center or hospital-based investigations.
  • 192
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Bioactive Peptides Derived from Edible Insects
Novel foods, including edible insects, are emerging because of their nutritional characteristics and low environmental impacts and could represent a valid alternative source of food in a more sustainable way. Edible insects have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health. Insect-derived bioactive peptides exert antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties and have protective effects against common metabolic conditions. 
  • 248
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Plasmid-Mediated mcr Gene-Based Polymyxins
The polymyxin antibiotics colistin and polymyxin B have been recently revitalized as bactericidal drugs due to the increase in bacterial resistance to many commonly used antibiotics. Polymyxins were originally derived from the bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa as the products of fermentation in the form of amphipathic lipopeptide molecules. Polymyxins were discovered in the 1940s to be cyclic lipodecapeptide antibiotics and recognized for therapeutic use in the 1950s. Polymyxins contain conserved components that consist of a d-Phe6-l-Leu7 segment, an N-terminal fatty acyl chain separated by cationic residues (l-α-γ-diaminobutyric acid (Dab)), and segments of the polar amino acid threonine (Thr). Polymyxins target the negatively charged outer membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of Gram-negative bacteria. Mobilized colistin resistance, mcr, genes are mainly associated with bacterial plasmids. These play an important role in the spread of colistin resistance because of their transferability among different strains in different environments. These mcr genes encode phosphoethanolamine-lipid A transferases that mediate the addition of PEA to the lipid A of an LPS at the 1′ and 4′ positions, causing a significant reduction in the overall negative charge on the bacterial outer membrane. This ultimately leads to the loss of binding affinity of an LPS to the cationic polymyxins and therefore resistance to their action.
  • 150
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Cell Types in dMMR/MSI-H Colorectal Cancer
Mismatch-repair deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) cancers encompass a subset of colorectal cancers (CRCs) sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Nevertheless, nearly 30% of patients with dMMR/MSI-H CRC show primary resistance to ICIs, and some develop resistance in the course of disease. 
  • 252
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Hydatid Cyst Chemotherapy by Nanotechnology
Hydatid cysts have been widely recognized for decades as a common medical problem that affects millions of people. A revolution in medical treatment may be on the prospect of nanotechnology enhancing chemotherapy against hydatid cysts.
  • 362
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Oral Health and Schizophrenia in Advanced Age
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that makes patients incompetent to perform day-to-day activities due to their progressing mental illness. In addition to disturbances with thoughts, behavioral changes, and impaired cognitive functions, oro-systemic health also becomes compromised. 
  • 214
  • 17 Nov 2023
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