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Topic Review
225Ac as a Potential Theranostic Radionuclide
α radioisotopes can offer a treatment choice to individuals who are not responding to β− or gamma-radiation therapy or chemotherapy drugs. Only a few α-particle emitters are suitable for targeted alpha therapy (TAT) and clinical applications. The majority of available clinical research involves 225Ac and its daughter nuclide 213Bi. Additionally, the 225Ac disintegration cascade generates γ decays that can be used in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, expanding the potential theranostic applications in nuclear medicine. Despite the growing interest in applying 225Ac, the restricted global accessibility of this radioisotope makes it difficult to conduct extensive clinical trials for many radiopharmaceutical candidates.
  • 575
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Gut–Brain Axis, Microbiota and Probiotics
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a relatively common digestive disorder. It is estimated that IBS has a prevalence of 10–15% in the general population in industrialized countries and is a factor with a significant impact on both the individual and society in terms of quality of life and health care costs. Depending on symptomatology, comorbidities, quality of life and healthcare needs, IBS can have a mild, moderate, or severe clinical course. Some studies have shown that the severe form occurs in 15–40% of patients with IBS.
  • 139
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Role of Interleukins in Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide medical issue with significant morbidity and mortality, as it is the main cause of chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both innate and adaptive immune responses play a key role in HBV replication and suppression. The pathophysiological function of interleukins (IL) in the natural course of HBV has gained much attention as a result of the broad use of anti-interleukin agents for a variety of autoimmune diseases and the accompanying risk of HBV reactivation.
  • 292
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma Management
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) has challenged the conventional wisdom surrounding the radioresistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). There has been a significant accumulation of clinical data to support the safety and efficacy of SABR in RCC.
  • 139
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
LAs in Pain, Inflammation, and Other Clinical Conditions
The use of low-dose local anesthetics in low concentrations for therapeutic, non-anesthetic purposes, known as neural therapy, has significantly transformed patient care by providing rapid, effective, long-lasting and safe relief of pain, inflammation and other clinical conditions while minimizing recovery time. 
  • 282
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Diagnostic Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disorder involving a heterogeneous group of medical conditions encompassing several cardiopulmonary illnesses.
  • 389
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Measurement of Retrobulbar Blood Flow and Vascular Reactivity
Abnormal retrobulbar hemodynamics have been linked to the development of various ocular diseases, including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Additionally, altered retrobulbar blood flow has been observed in patients with severe cardiovascular diseases, including carotid artery occlusion, stroke, heart failure, and acute coronary syndrome.
  • 129
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Neural Network Applications in Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy is a component of the therapeutic options accessible in mental health. Along with psychotherapy techniques and indications, there is a body of studies on what are known as psychotherapy’s common factors. However, up to 40% of patients do not respond to therapy. Artificial intelligence approaches are hoped to enhance this and with the growing body of evidence of the use of neural networks (NNs) in other areas of medicine, this domain is lacking in the field of psychotherapy. 
  • 286
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Hedgehog Dermatophytosis
Pet hedgehogs, which are increasingly favoured companions, have garnered attention due to their potential as carriers of zoonotic diseases. These small insectivorous mammals, native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, are commonly kept as pets.
  • 271
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Rare Disease
The definition of rare disease (RD) varies across the world. There are about 296 definitions from 1109 organizations, most of which are explicitly or implicitly derived from prevalence thresholds. Such definitions are expressed as a fraction, a percentage, or the number of cases per population (whether that be from 10,000 or 100,000 people). Only a few countries consider a broader set of dimensions that are relevant from a healthcare policy perspective, capturing aspects of vulnerability and socioeconomic impact. This is, for example, the case in Thailand, where the RD definition used by the Universal Coverage Scheme is derived from a combination of a number of cases per population and a broader set of qualitative descriptors that include severity (defined by high morbidity and premature death); difficulties accessing adequate diagnosis, screening, treatment, and lifelong treatment; and high economic burdens on the family and society.
  • 168
  • 04 Dec 2023
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