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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
TKI Involved in Muscle Wasting
Low muscle mass is significantly associated with low tolerability of chemotherapy and poor survival. In this context, despite the great strides in the treatment of cancer, targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) could exacerbate loss of muscle mass in cancer patients. In the last decades, the impact of muscle mass wasting during TKI treatment on clinical outcomes has been put under the spotlights. We evaluated different molecular pathways of TKIs potentially involved in muscle wasting assessing the effects of different TKI therapies – such as sorafenib, regorafenib, sunitinib, lenvatinib - on muscle mass, and highlighted their potential clinical implications. The assessment of muscle mass from CT imaging could be helpful in predicting toxicity and prognosis in patients treated with TKI such as sorafenib. An early recognition of low muscle mass and an effective personalized nutritional support could prevent or attenuate muscle mass wasting. However, the role of nutrition is still overlooked and future clinical trials are needed to find the optimal nutritional support to countermeasure muscle mass depletion during TKI therapy.
  • 668
  • 04 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Titin and Muscle Atrophy
Titin, also called connectin, is a giant sarcomere protein, which functions as a spring for muscle extension and elasticity. Titin interconnects the contraction of actin-containing thin filaments and myosin-containing thick filaments. Recently, the N-terminal fragment of titin, which is the breakdown product of titin, has become measurable using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (27900 titin N-fragment Assay Kit; Immuno-Biological Laboratories, Fujioka, Japan). This kit has been used to evaluate muscle breakdown in muscle dystrophy, in which the level of urinary titin N-fragment was 700-times above the normal level.
  • 2.6K
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Titanium Wear of Dental Implants
Titanium is considered high-ly biocompatible with low corrosion and toxicity, but recent studies indicate that this understand-ing may be misleading as the properties of the material change drastically when titanium nano-particles (NPs) are shed from implant surfaces. These NPs are immunogenic and are associated with a macrophage-mediated inflammatory response by the host.
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Titanium Alloys in Maxillofacial Osteosynthesis
Titanium alloys are known for their biological, mechanical and chemical properties, which have successfully expanded their use in the maxillofacial field. The internal fixation using titanium miniplates and screws offers a new perspective for the treatment of trauma, in orthognathic surgery and maxillofacial oncology. Although, titanium is highly recommended for its excellent biocompatibility, recent research has focused on identifying the potential local and general implications of the interactions between the human tissue and the metallic particles. This present review aims to outline the existing tissue changes, cellular alterations and future perspectives regarding the use of titanium-based alloys as osteosynthesis materials, taking into consideration the existing present debate whether the routinely removal of these materials should be an indication.
  • 847
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Titanium (IV) Oxide in Dermal Formulations
The widespread role of titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) in many industries makes this substance of broad scientific interest. TiO2 can act as both a photoprotector and photocatalyst, and the potential for its role in both applications increases when present in nanometer-sized crystals. Its sunlight-scattering properties are used extensively in sunscreens.
  • 466
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Tissue-Specific Methylation Biosignatures
Tissue-specific gene methylation events are key to the pathogenesis of several diseases and can be utilized for diagnosis and monitoring. By employing a data-driven approach, researchers establish specific methylation disease profiles to be applied in clinical practice and to understand human pathology. 
  • 344
  • 25 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Tissue- and Blood-Based mRNA Tests in Breast Cancer
Molecular diagnostic tests help clinicians understand the underlying biological mechanisms of their patients’ breast cancer (BC) and facilitate clinical management. Several tissue-based mRNA tests are used routinely in clinical practice, particularly for assessing the BC recurrence risk, which can guide treatment decisions. Blood-based mRNA assays have only recently started to emerge.
  • 416
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Tissue Senescence Reversing Techniques Modalities
Senescent cells and fibrosis are important components that impact the regenerative capacity of skin, particularly when considering chronic non-healing wounds. Anoderm and perianal fistulas in the setting of Crohn’s disease are clinically pathophysiological extremes with consequently different healing processes which impact treatment modalities.
  • 313
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Tissue Section-Based Immune Profiling
Technologies based on tissue sections are amongst the most common tools used for both morphologic and molecular characterization of cancers. These tools provide several unique advantages, most notably the preservation of spatial information. Furthermore, many of these assays can be performed on archival tissue, allowing for the post hoc analysis of preserved paraffin embedded samples in tissue banks. 
  • 454
  • 03 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Tissue Engineering of the Urethra—Clinical Applications
Tissue engineering (TE) is a promising approach for repair/substitution of damaged tissues and organs. Urethral strictures are common and serious health conditions that impair quality of life and may lead to serious organ damage. The TE approach is promising and effective, but many issues remain that need to be addressed for broader adoption of TE in urethral repair. Better design of trials, better cooperation of research groups and centralization could lead to reduction of costs and slowly proceed to commercialization and routine use of TE products for urethral reconstruction.
  • 487
  • 23 Dec 2021
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