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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Treatment of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus
Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the genital skin and mucous membrane. 
  • 519
  • 04 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Treatment of Vitamin D Deficiency with Calcifediol
Calcifediol (25-OH-vitamin D3) is the prohormone of the vitamin D endocrine system. It is used to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency. Calcifediol, as well as cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), is efficient and safe in the general population, although calcifediol has certain advantages over cholecalciferol, such as its rapid onset of action and greater potency. 
  • 673
  • 20 May 2022
Topic Review
Treatment of Uveitic Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a common and potentially blinding complication of uveitis. Many mechanisms are involved alone or in combination in the pathogenesis of uveitic glaucoma (UG). In terms of diagnostic evaluation, the effects of inflammatory activity in the retinal nerve fiber layer may be a source of bias in the interpretation of optical coherence tomography measurements. For the successful treatment of UG, the control of intraocular inflammation specific to the cause or anti-inflammatory treatment, combined with IOP management, is mandatory. The early institution of specific treatment improves the prognosis of UG associated with CMV. The young age of UG patients along with increased failure rates of glaucoma surgery in this group of patients warrants a stepwise approach. Conservative and conjunctival sparing surgical approaches should be adopted. Minimally invasive surgical approaches were proved to be effective and are increasingly being used in the management of UG along with the traditionally used techniques of trabeculectomy or tubes.
  • 113
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Treatment of Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy
Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressively debilitating, rare disease associated with high mortality. ATTR-CM occurs when TTR amyloid protein builds up in the myocardium along with different organs, most commonly the peripheral and the autonomic nervous systems. Managing the cardiac complications with standard heart failure medications is difficult due to the challenge to maintain a balance between the high filling pressure associated with restricted ventricular volume and the low cardiac output. To date, tafamidis is the only agent approved for ATTR-CM treatment.
  • 570
  • 06 May 2022
Topic Review
Treatment of Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis
Thumb carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ) arthritis is the second most common location for degenerative osteoarthritis in the wrist and hand and several surgical treatments have been proposed so far, from arthrodesis to motion sparing procedures—such as trapeziectomy alone or in combination with interposition of autograft, allograft and ligamentoplasty.
  • 438
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Treatment of the Lips Using a CO2 Laser
A number of studies have recently demonstrated the effectiveness of CO2 laser irradiation for the repair and regeneration of scar tissue from injuries or surgical wounds. However, such studies of the oral mucosa are highly limited. Previous studies using CO2 laser irradiation have indicated that two factors contribute to esthetic healing, namely, artificial scabs, which are a coagulated and carbonized blood layer formed on the wound surface, and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) for suppressing wound scarring and promoting wound healing. 
  • 175
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorder
The increasing prevalence of stimulant use disorder (StUD) involving methamphetamine and cocaine has been a growing healthcare concern in the United States. Cocaine usage is associated with atherosclerosis, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and arrhythmias. 
  • 306
  • 10 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Treatment of Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
Smoldering multiple myeloma was first identified in 1980. It is a heterogeneous asymptomatic precursor to multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells, and the intermediate stage between monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance and multiple myeloma.
  • 307
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Treatment of Rett Syndrome
Currently there is no cure for Rett syndrome. Treatment is directed towards improving function and addressing symptoms throughout life. A multi-disciplinary team approach is typically used to treat the person throughout life. This team may include primary care physician, physical therapist, occupational therapist, speech-language pathologist, nutritionist, and support services in academic and occupational settings. Treatment of Rett syndrome includes: Because of the increased risk of sudden cardiac death, when long QT syndrome is found on an annual screening EKG it is treated with an anti-arrhythmic such as a beta-blocker. There is some evidence that phenytoin may be more effective than a beta-blocker.
  • 395
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Treatment of Rectal Cancer
Rectal cancer poses a substantial healthcare challenge, emphasizing the critical need for effective treatment strategies. Among the various approaches available, surgical intervention, notably total mesorectal excision (TME), stands as the gold standard for rectal cancer management, consistently delivering exceptional oncological results. In certain instances of early-stage disease, endoscopic treatments and transanal resection techniques may be viable options, offering a more conservative approach. Additionally, for cases characterized by locally advanced tumors, radiotherapy has demonstrated significant benefits in augmenting the overall treatment efficacy.
  • 383
  • 04 Sep 2023
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