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Topic Review
Ultrasound-Guided Interfascial Plane Blocks
Ultrasound-guided interfascial plane blocks performed on the anterior and lateral thoracic wall have become an important adjuvant method to general anesthesia and an independent method of local anesthesia and pain management.
  • 420
  • 08 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasound-Guided Ethanol Ablation for Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
The thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is the most common congenital neck mass, accounting for 70–75% of all congenital neck masses. Although the Sistrunk operation has been used as a standard of treatment, it is accompanied by a considerable surgical burden, including the need for general anesthesia, a visible surgical scar on the neck surface, and postoperative complications. Ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation (US-EA) is a minimally invasive and office-based technique that is widely used as a non-surgical treatment for several benign cystic lesions, particularly benign thyroid cysts. US-EA has also been gaining popularity as a good alternative for TGDC treatment, which is associated with high feasibility, a high safety profile, and favorable treatment outcomes. 
  • 236
  • 26 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Ultrasound-Assisted Wound Debridement in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment
Among complications caused by diabetes mellitus, diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most serious and costly. Diabetic foot syndrome is defined as the presence of infection, ulceration, or destruction of foot tissues associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and neuropathy. The effectiveness of ultrasound-assisted wound (UAW) debridement is due to the cavitation and micro-streaming effects of ultrasound. Cavitation refers to the formation of oscillating gas microbubbles in a fluid medium; when it occurs, microbubbles expand, contract, and implode, allowing the removal of non-viable tissue and biofilms without damaging healthy tissue. UAW debridement shows higher healing rates, a greater percentage of wound area reduction, and similar healing times in patients with DFUs, but greater quality evidence is needed to confirm these findings. UAW debridement could be an effective alternative when traditional debridement techniques are not available or are contraindicated for use.
  • 455
  • 13 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasound Technologies in Giant Cell Arteritis Diagnosis
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a primary autoimmune vasculitis that specifically affects medium-sized extracranial arteries, like superficial temporal arteries (TAs). The most important data to be considered for the ultrasound (US) diagnosis of temporal arteritis are stenosis, acute occlusions and “dark halo” sign, which represent the edema of the vascular wall. The vessel wall thickening of large vessels in GCA can be recognized by the US, which has high sensitivity and is facile to use. Ocular complications of GCA are common and consist especially of anterior arterial ischemic optic neuropathies or central retinal artery occlusion with sudden, painless, and sharp loss of vision in the affected eye. Color Doppler imaging of the orbital vessels (showing low-end diastolic velocities and a high resistance index) is essential to quickly differentiate the mechanism of ocular involvement (arteritic versus non-arteritic), since the characteristics of TAs on US do not correspond with ocular involvement on GCA. GCA should be cured immediately with systemic corticosteroids to avoid further visual loss of the eyes. 
  • 604
  • 30 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasound in Telemedicine
The term telemedicine was to describe the practice of delivering health care services through the use of information and communications technology, whereby geographic distance is not as constraining, as in the case of traditional medical practice. Telemedicine is not only used to exchange valid information for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease and injuries and research and evaluation, but also for the continuing the education of healthcare providers to advance individual and community health.
  • 544
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasound in Senescent Mice and Alzheimer’s Mouse Models
Ultrasound is routinely used for a wide range of diagnostic imaging applications. However, given that ultrasound can operate over a wide range of parameters that can all be modulated, its applicability extends far beyond the bioimaging field. In fact, the modality has emerged as a hybrid technology that effectively assists drug delivery by transiently opening the blood–brain barrier (BBB) when combined with intravenously injected microbubbles, and facilitates neuromodulation. Studies in aged mice contributed to an insight into how low-intensity ultrasound brings about its neuromodulatory effects, including increased synaptic plasticity and improved cognitive functions, with a potential role for neurogenesis and the modulation of NMDA receptor-mediated neuronal signalling. The currently available ultrasound approaches and how studies in senescent mice are relevant for AD and can accelerate the application of low-intensity ultrasound in the clinic are discussed.
  • 252
  • 22 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasound in Sarcopenia
Sarcopenia is a progressive, systemic musculoskeletal disorder associated with an increased risk of adverse events such as falls and fractures, mobility disorders, cardiac and respiratory disease, cognitive impairment, institutionalization, and death. Physical disability and impaired ability to perform activities of daily living contribute to reducing both patient quality of life and functional independence, adding to the necessity of long-term care services for the patient. Considering this evidence, it would seem clear that early diagnosis of sarcopenia and care optimization would also reduce the economic impact on the health care system and individual social-economic burdens.
  • 574
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasound in Medial Epicondylalgia and Medial Elbow Pain
Medial epicondylalgia (ME), commonly known as “the golfer’s elbow”, typically develops in individuals who perform repetitive forearm movements and weight-bearing activities. It accounts for up to 20% of all epicondylitis cases and is most prevalent in particular sports and occupations.
  • 848
  • 18 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Ultrasound in Imaging Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for a great majority of liver cancer diagnoses and deaths. Imaging plays, therefore, a crucial role in the surveillance of patients at risk, the detection and diagnosis of HCC nodules, as well as in the follow-up post-treatment. The unique imaging characteristics of HCC lesions, deriving mainly from the assessment of their vascularity on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) or contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), allow for a more accurate, noninvasive diagnosis and staging.
  • 438
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Ultrasound Imaging-Based Methods for Assessing Biological Maturity
Bone maturity is an indicator for estimating the biological maturity of an individual. During adolescence, individuals show heterogeneous growth rates, and thus, differences in biological maturity should be considered in talent identification and development. Radiography of the left hand and wrist is considered the gold standard of biological maturity estimation. The use of ultrasound imaging (US) may be advantageous; however, its validity and reliability are under discussion.
  • 352
  • 06 Jan 2023
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