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Topic Review
Phytochemicals and Vitamin D for Healthy Lifes
A variety of phytocompounds contained in medical plants have been used as medication, including Kampo (traditional Japanese) medicine. Phytochemicals are one category of the chemical compounds mainly known as antioxidants. Phytochemicals generally consist of various classes of compounds, including terpenoids, carotenoids, flavonoids (polyphenols), etc. Here, people describe the effects of phytochemicals, including the polyphenols abundantly contained in onions, citrus fruits, tea, soybeans, turmeric, cacao, and grapes—familiar vegetables and fruits in Japan—combined with vitamin D, an attractive synergic formula for a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of diseases.
  • 223
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Stem Cell Scaffolds for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a profoundly debilitating yet common central nervous system condition resulting in significant morbidity and mortality rates. Major causes of SCI encompass traumatic incidences such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, and sports injuries. Treatment strategies for SCI aim to improve and enhance neurologic functionality. The ability for neural stem cells (NSCs) to differentiate into diverse neural and glial cell precursors has stimulated the investigation of stem cell scaffolds as potential therapeutics for SCI. Various scaffolding modalities including composite materials, natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and hydrogels have been explored.
  • 202
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Bisphenol A on Human Male Infertility
Endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) can have a harmful effect on the human body’s endocrine system and thus adversely affect the development, reproduction, neurological, cardiovascular, and immune systems and metabolism in humans and wildlife. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a proven EDC capable of mimicking or blocking receptors and altering hormone concentrations and metabolism. Although consumed in low doses, it can stimulate cellular responses and affect the body’s functions. In humans, exposure to BPA has been correlated with the onset or development of several diseases. 
  • 237
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Depsipeptides Targeting Tumor Cells
Cancer is considered one of the most threatening diseases worldwide. Diet could be one of the factors that can be enhanced to comprehensively address a cancer patient’s condition. Unfortunately, most molecules capable of targeting cancer cells are found in uncommon food sources. Among them, depsipeptides have emerged as one of the most reliable choices for cancer treatment. These cyclic amino acid oligomers, with one or more subunits replaced by a hydroxylated carboxylic acid resulting in one lactone bond in a core ring, have broadly proven their cancer-targeting efficacy, some even reaching clinical trials and being commercialized as “anticancer” drugs.
  • 276
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Acute Phase/Relapse of Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common pediatric disease characterized by a dysfunction in the glomerular filtration barrier that leads to protein, fluid, and nutrient loss in urine. Corticosteroid therapy is the conventional treatment in children. Long-term complications of NS and prolonged exposure to steroids affect bones, growth, and the cardiovascular system. Diet can play an important role in preventing these complications, but there is a scarcity of scientific literature about nutritional recommendations for children with NS.
  • 215
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Pain and Disorders of Consciousness Patients
Pain assessment and management in patients with disorders of consciousness (DOC) is a challenging and important aspect of care, with implications for detecting consciousness and promoting recovery.
  • 188
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Iron in Health and Disease
Iron dysregulation is a common characteristic in many subtypes of acute lung injury (ALI). On the one hand, iron is needed to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as part of the immune response to an infection; on the other hand, iron can accelerate the occurrence of ferroptosis and extend host cell damage. Iron chelation represents a novel therapeutic strategy for alleviating lung injury and improving the survival of patients with ALI. 
  • 238
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
NKG2D/NKG2D Ligand System in Cancer
The family of human NKG2D ligands (NKG2DL) consists of eight stress-induced molecules. Over 80% of human cancers express these ligands on the surface of tumour cells and/or associated stromal elements. In mice, NKG2D deficiency increases susceptibility to some types of cancer, implicating this system in immune surveillance for malignancy. However, NKG2DL can also be shed, released via exosomes and trapped intracellularly, leading to immunosuppressive effects. Moreover, NKG2D can enhance chronic inflammatory processes which themselves can increase cancer risk and progression. Indeed, tumours commonly deploy a range of countermeasures that can neutralise or even corrupt this surveillance system, tipping the balance away from immune control towards tumour progression. Consequently, the prognostic impact of NKG2DL expression in human cancer is variable. 
  • 178
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation in Patients with Gout
Gout is the monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition disease. The experts from the Gout, Hyperuricemia, and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN) defined the disease as being present when MSU crystal deposition is accompanied by clinical manifestations such as flares, persistent arthritis, and/or tophi. Gout is intimately associated with cardiovascular disease—especially in cases of an atherosclerosis origin, but also with others such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation, or aortic valve stenosis. Besides the common presence of vascular comorbidities in gout sufferers, the disease is—in itself—an independent cardiovascular risk factor, with disease events and mortality attributable to having this condition. Crystal-derived persistent inflammation is likely behind the association.
  • 179
  • 09 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Prunella vulgaris L.
Prunella vulgaris L. (PV) is a well-known renewable drug resource full of different groups of biologically active substances with a wide range of pharmacological actions and applications in medicine.
  • 368
  • 09 Aug 2023
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