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Topic Review
Antibodies in the Course of Autoimmune Encephalitis
Encephalitis is a condition with a variety of etiologies, clinical presentations, and degrees of severity. The causes of these disorders include both neuroinfections and autoimmune diseases in which host antibodies are pathologically directed against self-antigens. In autoimmune encephalitis, autoantibodies are expressed in the central nervous system. The incidence of this disease is approximately 4% of all reported cases of encephalitis. Autoimmune encephalitis can be induced by antibodies against neuronal surface antigens such as N-methyl-D-aspartate-activated glutamate receptors (NMDAR), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptors (AMPAR) or gangliosides GQ1b, DPPX, CASPR2, LGI1, as well as by antibodies against neuronal intracellular antigens. 
  • 178
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Memory, Aging, and Sleep Interaction
The process of memory entails the activation of numerous neural networks and biochemical pathways throughout the brain. The phenomenon of memory decline in relation to aging has been the subject of extensive research for several decades. The correlation between the process of aging and memory is intricate and has various aspects to consider. Throughout the aging process, there are various alterations that take place within the brain and, as expected, affect other functions that have already been linked to memory and its function such as involving microcirculation and sleep.
  • 167
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Mature T-Cell and Natural Killer-Cell Neoplasms
Mature T- and Natural Killer (NK)-cell neoplasms are derived from mature, post-thymic T-cells and NK-cells and comprise a diverse group of rare neoplasms with a wide range of clinical behavior, including highly aggressive lymphomas. 
  • 440
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Recent Advancement of Bio-Inspired Nanoparticles in Cancer Theragnostic
The introduction of cancer therapeutics and nanotechnology has resulted in a paradigm shift from conventional therapy to precision medicine. Nanotechnology, an interdisciplinary field with a focus on biomedical applications, holds immense promise in bringing about novel approaches for cancer detection, diagnosis, and therapy.
  • 265
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Relationship between Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease
Obesity is defined when the body mass index (BMI) exceeds a value of 30 kg/m2. It is implicated in slowing improved life expectancy and increasing cardiovascular (CV) risk.
  • 224
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Spermatocytic Tumor
Spermatocytic tumor (ST) is a very rare disease, accounting for approximately 1% of testicular cancers. Previously classified as spermatocytic seminoma, it is currently classified within the non-germ neoplasia in-situ-derived tumors and has different clinical-pathologic features when compared with other forms of germ cell tumors (GCTs). A web-based search of MEDLINE/PubMed library data was performed in order to identify pertinent articles. In the vast majority of cases, STs are diagnosed at stage I and carry a very good prognosis. The treatment of choice is orchiectomy alone. Nevertheless, there are two rare variants of STs having very aggressive behavior, namely anaplastic ST and ST with sarcomatous transformation, that are resistant to systemic treatments and their prognosis is very poor. 
  • 203
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Skin and Natural Cannabinoids
The chemical constituents of the Cannabis plant known as cannabinoids have been extensively researched for their potential therapeutic benefits. The use of cannabinoids applied to the skin as a potential method for both skin-related benefits and systemic administration.
  • 226
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
β-Amyloid and Tau Protein in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the major causes of dementia and its incidence represents approximately 60–70% of all dementia cases worldwide. Many theories have been proposed to describe the pathological events in AD, including deterioration in cognitive function, accumulation of β-amyloid, and tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Infection as well as various cellular molecules, such as apolipoprotein, micro-RNA, calcium, ghrelin receptor, and probiotics, are associated with the disruption of β-amyloid and tau protein hemostasis.
  • 409
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound of the Brain
An ultrasound (US) is a type of medical imaging that is commonly used in pediatric radiology due to its multiple advantages for the imaging of young patients. Advancements in technology have allowed the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasounds (CEUS) with high-frequency transducers, which in turn, led to new possibilities in diagnosing a variety of diseases and conditions in the field of radiology, including neonatal brain imaging. CEUS overcomes some of the limitations of conventional US and Doppler US. It allows the visualization of dynamic perfusion even in the smallest vessels in the whole brain and allows the quantitative analysis of perfusion parameters. 
  • 185
  • 11 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Psychological Symptoms of Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that is defined by the growth of endometrial-like tissues outside of the uterus. Endometriosis is currently the second most common gynecological disease and is associated with severe pain, vegetative impairment, and infertility. In association, there are considerable psychological symptoms that limit the quality of life of those affected. This is a brief summary of the current endometriosis literature that is linked to the RDoC domain "Negative Valence".
  • 260
  • 10 Aug 2023
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