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Topic Review
Brain Aging and Neurodegeneration Factors as Phytocheimcals Targets
Aging is a normal process in the life of any species. Still, some individuals experience early or premature aging and, thus, advanced age-associated diseases impacting the quality of their life, accompanied by enormous economic and social burdens. Therefore, it would be rational to mitigate aging processes, not only to support healthy aging but also to hamper age-associated diseases. During aging, different functional systems are affected interactively. These include the central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular system, immune system, and the gut ecosystem. Additionally, the musculoskeletal system is prone to progressive weakening, causing movement problems that could intensify the aforementioned complications and increase the risk of all types of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease.
  • 297
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Vesicular Nanoformulations for Skin Cancer
Skin cancer can be classified into melanomas from melanocytes and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) from the epidermally-derived cell. The vesicular nanocarrier system is one of the most preferred delivery systems and is helpful in immunology, membrane biology, diagnostics, and, most recently, genetic engineering.
  • 690
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
New Subtypes of B-ALL Introduced in WHO-HAEM5
B-ALL with iAMP21 and B-ALL with Ph-like features were upgraded from provisional to definite subtypes of ALL. B-ALL with TCF3::HLF fusion was included as a new subtype of B-ALL; all three of these subtypes have been discussed above. This research briefly describes the other new genetic subtypes of B-ALL in WHO-HAEM5.
  • 513
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Chitosan-Based Hydrogel for Dermal Infections
Transdermal patches and various semisolid dosage forms, including hydrogels, are widely recognized delivery strategies for addressing dermal conditions. Hydrogels have been extensively investigated and reported in scientific research. Three-dimensional network architectures are developed by these hydrogels’ hydrophilic polymer chain composition that absorb and hold enormous quantities of liquid or physiological fluids. Moreover, the properties and performance of hydrogels are significantly affected by the structure of their molecules. Crosslinking agents and polymer chains are the two main constituents of hydrogels. There are both natural and artificial polymer chains in hydrogels. Natural polymers commonly used in hydrogel formulations include agarose, alginate, chitosan, collagen, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, and cellulose derivatives. 
  • 294
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, peripheral and/or axial spondyloarthritis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by molecular and cellular changes in the immune system. Due to the systemic nature of these diseases, organs such as the liver or cardiovascular system are often affected by the inflammatory process. Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor therapy reduces the activation of pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, mitigates the chronic inflammatory process by restoring cellular balance, and alleviates clinical consequences, such as pain and tissue damage.
  • 275
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Liquid Biopsy for Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer worldwide. Tissue biopsy is employed for the diagnosis and molecular stratification of lung cancer. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive approach to determine biomarkers from body fluids, such as blood, urine, sputum, and saliva. Tumor cells release cfDNA, ctDNA, exosomes, miRNAs, circRNAs, CTCs, and DNA methylated fragments, among others, which can be successfully used as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response.
  • 235
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Utilizing Cytomegalovirus T Cells in Adoptive Cell Therapy
Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is highly prevalent in the general population and largely controlled by CD8pos T cells. Intriguingly, anti-CMV T cells accumulate over time to extraordinarily high numbers, are frequently present as tumor-resident ‘bystander’ T cells, and remain functional in cancer patients. Consequently, various strategies for redirecting anti-CMV CD8pos T cells to eliminate cancer cells are currently being developed. This includes conveying the advantageous characteristics of anti-CMV T cells in adoptive cell therapy. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and T cell receptors (TCRs) were transduced into anti-CMV CD8pos T cells to improve the in vivo persistence of CAR/TCR-engineered T cells. Moreover, anti-CMV T cells were activated ex vivo, expanded, and reinfused into glioblastoma patients to directly target CMV peptide epitopes expressed in a subset of glioblastomas.
  • 311
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Microbiome and Psychedelic Interaction
The psychedelic renaissance has reignited interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelics for mental health and well-being. An emerging area of interest is the potential modulation of psychedelic effects by the gut microbiome—the ecosystem of microorganisms in our digestive tract. The human gut microbiome profoundly influences our health and well-being, not only in terms of physical health but also as a modulator of brain function and behavior, including mood, cognition, and stress responses. With the ongoing psychedelic renaissance exploring the therapeutic potentials of psychedelic substances like psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), and ayahuasca, it is essential to consider the role of the gut microbiome in this narrative.
  • 379
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Effect of Resveratrol on Distinct Skeletal Muscle Components
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol utilized in Chinese traditional medicine and thought to be one of the determinants of the “French Paradox”. Some groups evidenced its properties as a calorie-restriction mimetic, suggesting that its action passes through the modulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. Accordingly, the number of studies reporting the beneficial effects of resveratrol on skeletal muscle form and function, in both experimental models and humans, is steadily increasing.
  • 250
  • 14 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Clinical Applications of AI and Radiomics in NENs
Nuclear medicine has acquired a crucial role in the management of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) by improving the accuracy of diagnosis and staging as well as their risk stratification and personalized therapies, including radioligand therapies (RLT). Artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics can enable physicians to further improve the overall efficiency and accuracy of the use of these tools in both diagnostic and therapeutic settings by improving the prediction of the tumor grade, differential diagnosis from other malignancies, assessment of tumor behavior and aggressiveness, and prediction of treatment response.
  • 268
  • 14 Aug 2023
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