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Topic Review
Anti-Obesity Effects of Wild Edible Plants
Obesity is a long-term condition resulting from a continuous imbalance between the amount of energy consumed and expended. It is associated with premature mortality and contributes to a large portion of the global chronic disease burden, including diabesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and some cancers. While lifestyle changes and dietary adjustments are the primary ways to manage obesity, they may not always be sufficient for long-term weight loss. In these cases, medication may be necessary. However, the options for drugs are limited due to their potential side effects. As a result, there is a need to identify safe and effective alternative treatments. Dietary compounds, plants, and bioactive phytochemicals have been considered as promising sources for discovering new pharmacological agents to treat obesity and its related complications. These natural products can function independently or synergistically with other plants to augment their effects at various levels of the body. They can modulate appetite, lipase activity, thermogenesis and fat synthesis and degradation, satiation, adipogenesis, and adipocyte apoptosis. Additionally, targeting adipocyte growth and differentiation with diverse medicinal plants/diet is a significant strategy for devising new anti-obesity drugs that can intervene in preadipocytes, maturing preadipocytes, and mature adipocytes.
  • 406
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Cow’s Milk Allergy Preventive Nutritional Strategies
Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common pediatric food allergies. The prevalence and severity of CMA have increased dramatically in the last decades, under the pressure of environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Among the environmental influences, nutritional factors play a crucial role. Diet is the most modifiable factor, representing a potential target for the prevention and treatment of CMA.
  • 244
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Visual Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease
Non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) include ocular, visuoperceptive, and visuospatial impairments, which can occur as a result of the underlying neurodegenerative process. Ocular impairments can affect various aspects of vision and eye movement. Thus, patients can show dry eyes, blepharospasm, reduced blink rate, saccadic eye movement abnormalities, smooth pursuit deficits, and impaired voluntary and reflexive eye movements. Furthermore, visuoperceptive impairments affect the ability to perceive and recognize visual stimuli accurately, including impaired contrast sensitivity and reduced visual acuity, color discrimination, and object recognition. Visuospatial impairments are also remarkable, including difficulties perceiving and interpreting spatial relationships between objects and difficulties judging distances or navigating through the environment. Moreover, PD patients can present visuospatial attention problems, with difficulties attending to visual stimuli in a spatially organized manner. Moreover, PD patients also show perceptual disturbances affecting their ability to interpret and determine meaning from visual stimuli. And, for instance, visual hallucinations are common in PD patients.
  • 612
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Drug Delivery Systems for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
The number of patients with ocular disorders has increased due to contributing factors such as aging populations, environmental changes, smoking, genetic abnormalities, etc. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the common ocular disorders which may advance to loss of vision in severe cases. The advanced form of AMD is classified into two types, dry (non-exudative) and wet (exudative) AMD.
  • 404
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Pathogenesis of Iron Overload and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies in both transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT). The mechanisms of iron-overloading-associated HCC development include the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation cytokines, dysregulated hepcidin, and ferroportin metabolism.
  • 584
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Antioxidants in Diabetes, Vascular Injury, Hypoxia, Atherosclerosis, Allergies
Oxidative and reductive stress are deviations from the optimal conditions when the capacity of cellular redox buffer systems is exceeded. Both conditions are harmful for cellular function and viability. Antioxidant systems include small molecules, such as ascorbate, α-tocopherol, GSH, many food additives and spices, the enzymes superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidases (GPx), proteins peroxiredoxins, thioredoxins and others.
  • 204
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Neurological Emergencies,  Endocrinological Emergencies and Vascular Emergencies
It is now known that cancer is a major public health problem; on the other hand, it is less known, or rather, often underestimated, that a significant percentage of cancer patients will experience a cancer-related emergency. 
  • 140
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Elastodontic Appliances
The term “functional appliance” refers to a lot of orthodontic appliances initially designed primarily to correct Class II malocclusion; their use received much acclaim in Europe in the 20th century but not in the USA, where Angle’s philosophy, which put in the foreground the need to achieve an ideal dental occlusion with a fixed multibrackets device, was preferred. Elastodontics, therefore, aims to solve skeletal and functional problems in the growth period. Still, at the same time, it represents an extraordinary instrument to readjust the vertical dimension in the adult patient for prosthetic purposes. Elastodontics is a new therapeutic approach that uses removable appliances made with an elastomeric material to produce light and elastic forces to correct malocclusion, aligning them and reducing potential risk factors that can affect growth. This therapy simplifies or eliminates a possible and subsequent orthodontic intervention because it facilitates balanced growth, reduces the number of extractions, and increases stability during treatment. If you change the function through the re-education of behaviour, you will also change the shape. The main purpose of the functional treatment is to “guide” the proper growth of the bone bases by stimulating the perioral muscles and neuromuscular system.
  • 515
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Potential Role of Toll-like Receptors in Schizophrenia
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) ubiquitously expressed in the human body. They protect the brain and central nervous system from self and foreign antigens/pathogens. The immune response elicited by these receptors culminates in the release of cytokines, chemokines, and interferons causing an inflammatory response, which can be both beneficial and harmful to neurodevelopment. Such changes due to TLRs are shown to be associated with alterations in cognitive functions in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, and schizophrenia is one such disorder where multiple genetic and environmental factors contribute to alterations associated with TLRs.
  • 349
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Psoriatic Patients and Obesity
Psoriasis, an autoimmune chronic inflammatory skin condition, has a high incidence in the general population, reaching 2–4%. Its pathogenesis involves an interplay of genetic factors, immune disturbances, and environmental factors. Within the environmental factors that aid the appearance of this autoimmune skin disease, the Western lifestyle and overall diet play important roles in the steady growth in psoriasis prevalence. Furthermore, psoriasis is associated with comorbidities such as psoriatic arthritis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Accumulating evidence suggests that obesity is an important risk factor for psoriasis. 
  • 211
  • 15 Aug 2023
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