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Topic Review
Composition of Lipid–Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are spherical vesicles composed of ionizable lipids that are neutral at physiological pH. Despite their benefits, unmodified LNP drug delivery systems have substantial drawbacks, including a lack of targeted selectivity, a short blood circulation period, and in vivo instability. lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNPs) are the next generation of nanoparticles, having the combined benefits of polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes. LPHNPs are being prepared from both natural and synthetic polymers with various techniques, including one- or two-step methods, emulsification solvent evaporation (ESE) method, and the nanoprecipitation method. Varieties of LPHNPs, including monolithic hybrid nanoparticles, core–shell nanoparticles, hollow core–shell nanoparticles, biomimetic lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles, and polymer-caged liposomes, have been investigated for various drug delivery applications.
  • 779
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer Microenvironment
Colorectal cancer (CRC), encompassing cancers of the colon and rectum, is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related death. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules that exceed 200 nucleotides in length and are characterized by their lack of classical protein-coding capacity. In CRC, lncRNAs are known to notably modulate fundamental cellular mechanisms and reciprocal interactions, thereby shaping the immune landscape of the TME.
  • 233
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Non-Stem Cell-Based Urethral Regenerative Therapy
Urethral stricture is a common urological disease that seriously affects quality of life. Urethroplasty with grafts is the primary treatment, but the autografts used in clinical practice have unavoidable disadvantages, which have contributed to the development of urethral tissue engineering. Using various types of seed cells in combination with biomaterials to construct a tissue-engineered urethra provides a new treatment method to repair long-segment urethral strictures. Various cell types have been explored and applied in the field of urethral regeneration.
  • 135
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Advantages and Mechanisms of Bacteria for Cancer Therapy
Cancer is one of the major diseases that endanger human health. Bacteria is a novel drug delivery system that has shown great potential in cancer therapy because of its tumor-targeting, oncolytic, and immunomodulatory properties.
  • 189
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Role of Chitosan Hydrogels in Clinical Dentistry
Biopolymers are organic polymers that can be treated into intricate designs with porous characteristics that mimic essential biologic components. Due to their superior biosafety, biodegradability, biocompatibility, etc., they have been utilized immensely in biomedical engineering, regeneration, and drug delivery. To obtain the greatest number of results, a literature search was undertaken in scientific search engines utilizing keywords. Chitosan is used in a variety of medical sectors, with the goal of emphasizing its applications and benefits in the clinical dental industry. Chitosan can be dissolved in liquid form and combined with other substances to create a variety of products, including fibers, hydrogels, membranes, microspheres, resins, sponges, pastes, tablets, and micro granules. Chitosan has been studied in a variety of dental applications. Chitosan is used in the prevention of caries and wear, in pulpotomy to accelerate osteogenesis in guided tissue regeneration due to its hemostatic property, and primarily to benefit from its antimicrobial activity by adding it to materials, such as glass ionomer cement, calcium hydroxide, and adhesive systems. With its antibacterial activity and biocompatibility, chitosan is leading the pack as a promising ingredient in the production of dental materials. 
  • 161
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Multimodal Management of Asthma in Adolescents
Asthma and adolescence are two sensitive points and are difficult to manage when they coexist. The first is a chronic respiratory condition, with frequent onset in early childhood (between 3 and 5 years), which can improve or worsen with age. Adolescence is the period between childhood and adulthood (12–19 years), marked by various internal and external conflicts and a limited capacity to understand and accept any aspect that is delimited by the pattern of the social circle (of the entourage) frequented by the individual. Therefore, the clinician is faced with multiple attempts regarding the management of asthma encountered during the adolescent period, starting from the individualization of the therapy to the control of compliance (which depends equally on the adverse reactions, quality of life offered and support of the close circle) and the social integration of the subject, communication probably having a more important role in the monitoring and evolution of the condition than the preference for a certain therapeutic scheme.
  • 224
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Algae-Derived Natural Products in Diabetes and Its Complications
Algae-derived natural products have emerged as promising candidates for the management of diabetes and its complications. The diverse chemical constituents and multifaceted pharmacological activities of algae make them attractive sources of bioactive compounds with potential antidiabetic properties.
  • 178
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Cerebral Protection Devices in Transcatheter Procedures
Intraprocedural stroke is a well-documented and feared potential risk of cardiovascular transcatheter procedures (TPs). Moreover, subclinical neurological events or covert central nervous system infarctions are concerns related to the development of dementia, future stroke, cognitive decline, and increased risk of mortality. Cerebral protection devices (CPDs) were developed to mitigate the risk of cardioembolic embolism during TPs. They are mechanical barriers designed to cover the ostium of the supra-aortic branches in the aortic arch, but newer devices are able to protect the descending aorta. CPDs have been mainly designed and tested to provide cerebral protection during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), but their use in both Catheterization and Electrophysiology laboratories is rapidly increasing. 
  • 189
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Involved in Transcription Factors
Transcription factors involve many proteins in the process of transactivating or transcribing (none-) encoded DNA to initiate and regulate downstream signals, such as RNA polymerase. Their unique characteristic is that they possess specific domains that bind to specific DNA element sequences called enhancer or promoter sequences. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in cancer progression.
  • 856
  • 07 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in Never Smokers
Data indicate that LCINS is a unique tumour with different biology and tumour microenvironment (TME), featuring an adenocarcinoma-predominant histology compared to lung cancer in smokers.
  • 338
  • 07 Sep 2023
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