Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
The Significance of Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disease Pathology
With the inexorable aging of the global populace, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) like Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pose escalating challenges, which are underscored by their socioeconomic repercussions. A pivotal aspect in addressing these challenges lies in the elucidation and application of biomarkers for timely diagnosis, vigilant monitoring, and effective treatment modalities.
  • 131
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Implications of Rectal Cancer Radiotherapy on Immune Microenvironment
The efficiency of (chemo-)radiotherapy for rectal cancer is not only determined by the impact on the tumor cells themselves, but also by the highly individual surrounding tumor microenvironment, including immune cells. However, many aspects of the radiation-induced immune response remain to be fully understood. 
  • 183
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Genomically-Guided Precision Radiation Treatment
Genetic information is seldom incorporated in formulating radiation treatment recommendations for patients with cancer, even though genetic information is now well established to be prognostic and predictive of cancer outcomes and response to systemic therapy. With the increasing accessibility to and use of genetic testing, tumor, and germline genetic data have the potential to inform clinical decisions by improving the efficacy of radiation treatment and ensuring the safety of treatment delivery.
  • 151
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Impact of Communication on Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
There are no communication protocols for patients who are diagnosed with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs). Healthcare professionals must develop and practice communication skills throughout their training and practice, starting by incorporating specific training in the dental school curriculum. Due to the limitation in the time available in clinical settings, developing and making available an easily accessible and accurate web-based patient information sheet that could be recommended to an OPMD patient should be considered by professional bodies.
  • 225
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Circular RNAs in Metastasis in Breast Cancer
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are single-stranded closed non-coding RNA molecules that are aberrantly expressed and produce tumor-specific gene signatures in human cancers. They exert biological functions by acting as transcriptional regulators, microRNA sponges, and protein scaffolds, regulating the formation of protein–RNA complexes and, ultimately, regulating gene expression. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive cancers of the mammary gland and has a poor prognosis. Studies of circRNAs in TNBC are limited but have demonstrated these molecules’ pivotal roles in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to chemo/radiotherapy, suggesting that they could be potential prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. 
  • 1.6K
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Vehicles for Drug Delivery
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a high tropism for the hypoxic microenvironment of tumors. The combination of nanoparticles in MSCs decreases tumor growth in vitro as well as in rodent models of cancers in vivo. Covalent conjugation of nanoparticles with the surface of MSCs can significantly increase the drug load delivery in tumor sites. Nanoparticle-based anti-angiogenic systems (gold, silica and silicates, diamond, silver, and copper) prevented tumor growth in vitro. For example, glycolic acid polyconjugates enhance nanoparticle drug delivery and have been reported in human MSCs. Labeling with fluorescent particles (coumarin-6 dye) identified tumor cells using fluorescence emission in tissues; the conjugation of different types of nanoparticles in MSCs ensured success and feasibility by tracking the migration and its intratumor detection using non-invasive imaging techniques. 
  • 209
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Earlier Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer incidence is increasing yearly. The reasons are not well known. Unfortunately, this is one of the least treatable cancers. Standard chemotherapy treatments show poor results, as do targeted treatments. The only real improvement in pancreatic cancer in the last twenty years occurred in the surgical field, where neoadjuvant therapy and very early surgery have achieved better overall survival. The only secret of arriving early to surgery is early diagnosis, and the missing element for early diagnosis is screening.
  • 124
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Role of Akt/Protein Kinase B in Cancer Metastasis
Metastasis is a critical step in the process of carcinogenesis and a vast majority of cancer-related mortalities result from metastatic disease that is resistant to current therapies. Cell migration and invasion are the first steps of the metastasis process, which mainly occurs by two important biological mechanisms, i.e., cytoskeletal remodelling and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Akt (also known as protein kinase B) is a central signalling molecule of the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway. Aberrant activation of this pathway has been identified in a wide range of cancers. Several studies have revealed that Akt actively engages with the migratory process in motile cells, including metastatic cancer cells. The downstream signalling mechanism of Akt in cell migration depends upon the tumour type, sites, and intracellular localisation of activated Akt.
  • 150
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Current Therapy for Advanced/Metastatic Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. More than half of patients with HCC present with advanced stage, and highly active systemic therapies are crucial for improving outcomes. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based therapies have emerged as novel therapy options for advanced HCC.
  • 234
  • 20 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Estrobolome and Hepatocellular Adenomas
Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) or hepatic adenoma is defined as a benign liver lesion, seen in patients with excessive exposure to estrogen (the higher the dose of estrogen therapy, the higher the risk of HCA), genetic and metabolic syndromes or who have undergone anabolic androgen therapy. It is known that the estrobolome plays an important role in the human endocrine system; specifically relevant in the metabolization of estrogen are bacterial species producing β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes.
  • 133
  • 20 Nov 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 1349
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback