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Topic Review
Long Non-Coding RNAs as Emerging Targets
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are non-protein coding molecules longer than 200 nucleotides. They play essential roles in normal cell function and development, and can contribute to diseases such as cancer when dysregulated. Although lncRNAs have oncogenic or tumor-suppressive properties in lung cancer and can serve as stable biomarkers, this is still an understudied field. 
  • 303
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
LOCs/OOCs for Biomedical Applications
Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and organ-on-a-chip (OOC) devices are highly versatile platforms that enable miniaturization and advanced controlled laboratory functions (i.e., microfluidics, advanced optical or electrical recordings, high-throughput screening). The manufacturing advancements of LOCs/OOCs for biomedical applications and their current limitations are briefly discussed. Multiple studies have exploited the advantages of mimicking organs or tissues on a chip. Among these, we focused our attention on the brain-on-a-chip, blood–brain barrier (BBB)-on-a-chip, and neurovascular unit (NVU)-on-a-chip applications.
  • 704
  • 14 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Localisation of the Ca2+ Signal for Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis is one of the most polarised of all cellular activities. Both the stimulus (the target for phagocytosis) and the response (its internalisation) are focussed at just one part of the cell. At the locus, and this locus alone, pseudopodia form a phagocytic cup around the particle, the cytoskeleton is rearranged, the plasma membrane is reorganised, and a new internal organelle, the phagosome, is formed. The effect of signals from the stimulus must, thus, both be complex and yet be restricted in space and time to enable an effective focussed response. While many aspects of phagocytosis are being uncovered, the mechanism for the restriction of signalling or the effects of signalling remains obscure.
  • 330
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
LncRNAs in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating condition of the pulmonary circulatory system that occurs in patients of all ages and if untreated, eventually leads to right heart failure and death.
  • 400
  • 02 Dec 2021
Topic Review
LncRNAs in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
lncRNAs are a novel class of functional RNA; the landscape of their mutations and variations is small as compared with other ncRNAs, not to mention mRNAs. However, the variability of lncRNA-encoding genes in the pathogenesis of human diseases, especially in cancer, is emerging (reviewed in the work of), but we have not found any association of lncRNA we described in this review with AMD. On the other hand, AMD is reported to associate with mutations in hundreds of genes, often in the form of polymorphisms, which should be considered in experimental studies and projection of therapeutic interventions (reviewed in the work of).
  • 332
  • 06 Sep 2021
Topic Review
LncRNA-Protein Interactions
LncRNA can act as gene regulators, and like other epigenetic mechanisms are involved in numerous biological processes. They achieve their regulatory function with their ability to interact with a wide range of biological molecules, such as other nucleic acids and proteins. These lncRNA-protein interactions (LPI) are involved in many biological pathways including development and disease. A variety of computational LPI predictors exist, each applying different strategies to achieve their goals, and are dependent on a few biological databases containing subsets of experimentally validated LPI. Most modern lncRNA-protein interaction (LPI) prediction algorithms use machine learning approaches, where algorithms are trained on large datasets with attributes of interest.
  • 1.6K
  • 05 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Liver Fibrosis in HIV-Infected Individuals
Liver fibrosis (LF) is a common problem in HIV-infected individuals. Among all used drugs in anti-retroviral treatment (ART), "first-generation" NRTIs carry the greater risk for LF, with integrase strand transfer and entry inhibitors showing minimal risk. Overall most ART drugs are safe and do not seem to cause liver fibrosis when no other live comorbidities co-exist
  • 596
  • 12 Oct 2021
Topic Review
List of R1a Frequency by Population
Haplogroup R1a is one of the major classifications (called clades) of Y-chromosome types found in human male lines. It is widespread all across Eurasia. Many sample studies therefore carry information on the incidence of R1a and/or its subclassifications, in particular the dominant branching line represented by the haplogroups R1a1 and R1a1a. The table below collates information from a number of such sample studies, with incidence frequencies in sample data reported as percentages, along with the associated sample sizes.
  • 1.7K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation in Cancer Signaling
The process of LLPS(liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is favored by multivalent interactions between specific protein domains, intrinsically disordered regions in proteins (IDR) and nucleic acids.
  • 535
  • 20 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Lipids in Macrophages of Different Tissue Location
Lipid metabolism is the major intracellular mechanism driving a variety of cellular functions such as energy storage, hormone regulation and cell division. Lipids, being a primary component of the cell membrane, play a pivotal role in the survival of macrophages. Lipids are crucial for a variety of macrophage functions including phagocytosis, energy balance and ageing. Lipid-loaded macrophages have recently been emerging as a hallmark for several diseases.
  • 577
  • 12 Jan 2023
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