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Topic Review
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the end-stage consequence of various interstitial lung diseases (ILD). It is a chronic progressive disease with an average survival of 3–5 years after diagnosis. The pathological features of PF are the abnormal activation and proliferation of myofibroblasts and the extraordinary deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). 
  • 345
  • 30 May 2023
Topic Review
PTP61F Mediates Cell Competition
Tissue homeostasis via the elimination of aberrant cells is fundamental for organism survival. Cell competition is a key homeostatic mechanism, contributing to the recognition and elimination of aberrant cells, preventing their malignant progression and the development of tumors. 
  • 471
  • 02 Dec 2021
Topic Review
PTP1B
The tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) acts as a key negative regulator of insulin receptor, and a plethora of studies confirmed that uncontrolled activity of this enzyme is one of the main causes that lead to IR (insulin resistance). According to this hypothesis, it has been demonstrated that the overexpression of PTP1B promotes IR in liver, muscle, adipose tissue, pancreas, and brain.
  • 392
  • 29 Sep 2021
Topic Review
PTHrP-Related Signatures in Adipogenesis and Transdifferentiation
Parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is a protein hormone of 139, 141, or 173 amino acids, which may be cleaved into smaller bioactive forms, comprising amino terminus, mid-region, and carboxy terminus peptides, active as key controllers of viability, proliferation, and differentiation in diverse normal and pathological cell and tissue model systems via the reprogramming of gene expression and intracellular signalization.
  • 262
  • 12 Jul 2023
Topic Review
PTEN Dual Lipid- and Protein-Phosphatase Function in Tumor
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a multifunctional tumor suppressor with protein- and lipid-phosphatase activities. The inactivation of PTEN is commonly found in all human cancers and is correlated with tumor progression. PTEN-lipid-phosphatase activity has been well documented to dephosphorylate phosphatidylinositol-3, 4, 5-phosphate (PIP3), which hinders cell growth and survival by dampening the PI3K and AKT signaling activity. PTEN-protein-phosphatase activity dephosphorylates the different proteins and acts in various cell functions. 
  • 623
  • 28 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Pseudophosphatases in Disease
Pseudophosphatases are important regulators, and their proper regulation is important for maintaining homeostasis and preventing diseases.
  • 495
  • 14 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras
The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is an essential part of the cellular machinery responsible for maintaining intracellular protein homeostasis. A network of proteins that comprises the proteolytic system and chaperones calculates cellular protein homeostasis. Chaperones are in charge of correcting protein misfolding, but the proteolytic system, which converges on the 26S proteasome, is in charge of removing damaged or unfolded proteins to maintain a healthy environment inside the cell. Using proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology for targeted protein degradation, a novel technique of treatment is emerging that stems from an aberrant expression of a protein that causes disease. PROTAC molecules are tiny, bifunctional molecules that bind an E3-ubiquitin ligase and a target protein at the same time, causing ubiquitination and proteasome destruction of the target protein.
  • 555
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Proteins Related to Human Neurodegenerative Diseases inYeast Cells
A characteristic feature of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is the formation of protein aggregates (inclusion bodies) in cells of the nervous system, formed as a result of the misfolding of proteins. Based on the reviewed results of studies on NDs and related protein aggregation, as well as viral protein aggregation, a new experimental model system for the study of human NDs is proposed. The core of the proposed system is a comparative transcriptomic analysis of changes in signaling pathways during the expression of viral capsid proteins in yeast cells.
  • 158
  • 12 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Proteins of the Nucleolus of Dictyostelium discoideum
The nucleolus is a multifunctional subnuclear compartment that has been studied for more than 200 years. The nucleoli of Dictyostelium discoideum have a comparatively unique, non-canonical, localization adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane. The verified nucleolar proteins of this eukaryotic microbe are detailed while other potential proteins are introduced. Heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6 (eIF6), and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1) are essential for cell survival. NumA1, a breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein-C Terminus domain-containing protein linked to cell cycle, functions in the regulation of nuclear number. 
  • 307
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins in Senescence and Kidney Fibrosis
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition of kidney dysfunction due to diverse causes of injury. In healthy kidneys, protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) are cleared from the systemic circulation by proximal tubule cells through the concerted action of plasma membrane transporters that facilitate their urinary excretion, but the endogenous metabolites are hardly removed with kidney dysfunction and may contribute to CKD progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that senescence of kidney tubule cells influences kidney fibrosis, the common endpoint for CKD with an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Senescence is a special state of cells characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest and limitation of proliferation, which promotes fibrosis by releasing senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors. The accumulation of PBUTs in CKD causes oxidative stress and increases the production of inflammatory (SASP) factors that could trigger fibrosis. Studies gave some clues that PBUTs may also promote senescence in kidney tubular cells. 
  • 210
  • 25 Oct 2023
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