Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Wnt Signaling and Aging of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Wnt signaling plays an essential role in aging of the gastrointestinal tract. Aberration of Wnt signaling seen in aged animals has been shown to affect regenerative capacity and differentiation of intestinal stem cells and promote aging-related deterioration. Similarly, abnormal Wnt signaling was observed in the aged stomach. Specifically, enhanced Wnt signaling in organoids established from the stomachs of aged mice induced the expression of Tbx3, a transcription factor that suppress cellular senescence, and led to augmented cellular proliferation. The enhanced Wnt signaling was due to suppressed Dkk3, a Wnt inhibitor, in aged gastric organoids. With respect to the role of TBX3 in humans, expression of TBX3 in human gastric tissues exhibited positive correlation with patients' age whereas that of DKK3 showed negative correlation with patients' age. In addition, TBX3 expression was also confirmed in gastric cancer tissues but not in normal gastric mucosae. These findings indicated that this DKK3-Wnt-TBX3 pathway may contribute to aging-related gastric carcinogenesis.
  • 389
  • 25 Oct 2022
Topic Review
WNT Signaling
The WNT signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signal transduction pathway that regulates a wide range of cellular functions during development and adulthood. It controls multiple aspects of development, including cell proliferation, cell fate determination, apoptosis, cell migration and cell polarity during development and stem cell maintenance in adults. Inappropriate activation of the WNT pathway is also a major factor in human oncogenesis.
  • 1.0K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Weismann Barrier
The Weismann barrier has long been regarded as a basic tenet of biology. However, upon close examination of its historical origins and August Weismann's own writings, questions arise as to whether such a status is warranted. As scientific research has advanced, the persistence of the concept of the barrier has left us with the same dichotomies Weismann contended with over 100 years ago: germ or soma, gene or environment, hard or soft inheritance. 
  • 1.7K
  • 30 Jan 2021
Topic Review
WD40 Repeat
The WD40 repeat (also known as the WD or beta-transducin repeat) is a short structural motif of approximately 40 amino acids, often terminating in a tryptophan-aspartic acid (W-D) dipeptide. Tandem copies of these repeats typically fold together to form a type of circular solenoid protein domain called the WD40 domain.
  • 413
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Warburg Effect in Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Colorectal cancer is one of the most leading causes of death worldwide. The Hallmark of colorectal cancer is the increase of glucose uptake and lactate production even in the presence of oxygen, a phenomenon known as the “Warburg effect”. 
  • 467
  • 26 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Warburg Effect
Otto Warburg discovered that cancer cells use a fermentative rather than oxidative metabolism even though the former is more inefficient in terms of energy production per molecule of glucose. Cancer cells increase the use of this fermentative metabolism even in the presence of oxygen, and this process is called aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect.
  • 283
  • 14 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Wall-Associated Kinase
Wall-Associated Kinase (WAKs) are one of many classes of plant proteins known to serve as a medium between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cytoplasm of cell walls. They are serine-threonine kinases that contain epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats, a cytoplasmic kinase and are located in the cell walls. They provide a linkage between the inner and outer surroundings of cell walls. WAKs are under a group of receptor-like kinases (RLK) that are actively involved in sensory and signal transduction pathways especially in response to foreign attacks by pathogens and in cell development. On the other hand, pectins are an abundant group of complex carbohydrates present in the primary cell wall that play roles in cell growth and development, protection, plant structure and water holding capacity. Pectins are rich in galacturonic acids (OGs) and present in the middle lamellae in plant tissues where they provide strength, flexibility and adhesion between plant cells. Commercially and within the food industry, they are used as gels and stabilizers for desserts and juices. The role of WAKs in cell walls as pectin receptors is vital to a variety of functions involved with cell differentiation, form and host-pathogen relations.
  • 394
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Volumetric Muscle Loss Repair
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) is defined as a condition in which a large volume of skeletal muscle is lost due to physical insult. VML often results in a heightened immune response, resulting in significant long-term functional impairment. 
  • 718
  • 23 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Vitamin D and Resveratrol Performances in COVID-19
A variety of observational epidemiological studies have reported that vitamin D deficiency is often a crucial factor in many inflammatory diseases and autoimmune diseases, as well as the susceptibility to contract infectious diseases, including acute respiratory infections. Similarly, resveratrol regulates immunity, modifying the gene expression and the release of proinflammatory cytokines in the immune cells. Therefore, it plays an immunomodulatory role that can be beneficial in the prevention and development of non-communicable diseases associated with inflammation. Since both vitamin D and resveratrol also act as immunomodulators in inflammatory pathologies, many studies have paid particular attention to an integrated treatment of either vitamin D or resveratrol in the immune reaction against SARS-CoV-2 infections.
  • 141
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Virus Information Table
Viruses are extremely diverse in nature. Even their method of storing genetic information differs tremendously, from double-stranded DNA to negative sense RNA, as denoted in the Baltimore Classification System. Other features, such as entry and release details, or capsid structure may be important in classifying and understanding viruses.
  • 192
  • 08 Nov 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 161
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Feedback