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Topic Review
Immunogenic Cell Death
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of death, which has the hallmarks of necroptosis and apoptosis, and is best characterized in malignant diseases.
  • 997
  • 18 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Cellular Senescence in Cancer
Cellular senescence is a state of stable cell cycle arrest that can be triggered in response to various insults and is characterized by distinct morphological hallmarks, gene expression profiles, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Importantly, cellular senescence is a key component of normal physiology with tumor suppressive functions.
  • 2.0K
  • 14 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Metformin and Male Reproduction
Metformin (MF), a first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), alone and in combination with other drugs, shows positive effect on steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis in men with T2DM and metabolic syndrome, thus MF treatment indicates prospective use for improvement of male reproductive functions and fertility in these disorders. The entry is focused on use of MF therapy for restoration of male reproductive functions in metabolic and endocrine disorders. 
  • 543
  • 08 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Metformin and Female Reproduction
Metformin (MF), a first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), alone and in combination with other drugs, restores the ovarian function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and improves fetal development, pregnancy outcomes and offspring health in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and T2DM. MF treatment is demonstrated to improve the efficiency of in vitro fertilization and is considered a supplementary drug in assisted reproductive technologies. MF lacks teratogenic effects and has positive health effect in newborns. The entry is focused on use of MF therapy for restoration of female reproductive functions and improvement of pregnancy outcomes in metabolic and endocrine disorders. 
  • 488
  • 08 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Membrane Fusion
Membrane fusion is a universal reaction that mediates a myriad of biological events, such as fertilization, organ and tissue growth, cancer metastasis, and multi-nucleated giant cell formation during an immune response .
  • 922
  • 06 Feb 2021
Topic Review
MRNA-Enhanced Cell Therapy
mRNA has emerged as an important biomolecule in the global call for the development of therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Synthetic in vitro-transcribed (IVT) mRNA can be engineered to mimic naturally occurring mRNA and can be used as a tool to target “undruggable” diseases. Recent advancement in the field of RNA therapeutics have addressed the challenges inherent to this drug molecule and this approach is now being applied to several therapeutic modalities, from cancer immunotherapy to vaccine development.
  • 527
  • 03 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Mast Cell Functions
Mast cells (MCs) are well-known as key effector cells of type I allergic reactions, commonly named anaphylactic responses.
  • 754
  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
TP53
TP53 tumor suppressor gene is a key player for cellular homeostasis.
  • 486
  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
P2X7 Variants
The human P2X7 gene is highly polymorphic, and several splice variants of the receptor have been identified in time. P2X7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been broadly analyzed by studies relating them to pathologies as different as infectious, inflammatory, nervous, and bone diseases, among which cancer is included. Moreover, in the last years, an increasing number of reports concentrated on P2X7 splice variants’ different roles and their implications in pathological conditions, including oncogenesis. Our article on P2X7 variants in oncogenesis recently published in Cells gives an overview of established and recent literature demonstrating a role for human P2X7 gene products in oncological conditions. Here you find the main structural information on P2X7 variants.
  • 597
  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
TRPV4 Ion Channel
The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel (TRPV4) belongs to the mammalian TRP superfamily of cation channels. TRPV4 is ubiquitously expressed, activated by a disparate array of stimuli, interacts with a multitude of proteins, and is modulated by a range of post-translational modifications, the majority of which we are only just beginning to understand. Not surprisingly, a great number of physiological roles have emerged for TRPV4, as have various disease states that are attributable to the absence, or abnormal functioning, of this ion channel. This review will highlight structural features of TRPV4, endogenous and exogenous activators of the channel, and discuss the reported roles of TRPV4 in health and disease.
  • 521
  • 01 Feb 2021
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