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Topic Review
Breast Cancer Management and Extracellular Vesicle Research
Extracellular vesicles are lipid bilayer-enclosed particles released from all types of cells and found in biological fluids, which transport variable content and have crucial functions in cell–cell communication. The role of extracellular vesicles in cancer is a current hot topic, and no bibliometric study has ever analyzed research production regarding their role in breast cancer and indicated the trends in the field. In this way, the study aimed to investigate the trends in breast cancer management involved with extracellular vesicle research.
  • 473
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Translation Impairment in Neurodegeneration
Protein synthesis is a strictly controlled molecular process because of its central role in different key cellular events, including homeostasis maintenance and response to extra- and intracellular cues. Increasing evidence suggests a dysfunction of the translation machinery in different neurodegenerative disorders. These dysfunctions are characterized by the accumulation of pathological protein aggregates, which could reflect defects in both ribosome and ribosome-associated activities.
  • 473
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
JNK1 and Brain Development
c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinases (JNKs), also known as Stress-Activated Protein Kinases, are a group of stimuli-response enzyme members of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) family. Proper neuronal development is essential to the correct functioning of brain networks and connections. Due to its biological relevance, brain development is a controlled process that includes multiple regulatory pathways and mechanisms.
  • 469
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Disruption of Claudin-Made Tight Junction Barriers by CpE
Claudins are a family of integral membrane proteins that enable epithelial cell/cell interactions by localizing to and driving the formation of tight junctions. Via claudin self-assembly within the membranes of adjoining cells, their extracellular domains interact, forming barriers to the paracellular transport of small molecules and ions. The bacterium Clostridium perfringens causes prevalent gastrointestinal disorders in mammals by employing an enterotoxin (CpE) that targets claudins. CpE binds to claudins at or near tight junctions in the gut and disrupts their barrier function, potentially by disabling their assembly or via cell signaling means—the mechanism(s) remain unclear.
  • 469
  • 10 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Muscle Stem Cells
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for muscle growth, maintenance and repair. Skeletal musculature is one of the largest organs of the human body, comprising more than 600 muscles that enable body motion. Deciphering the molecular and cellular features of the MuSC would provide novel insights into their regenerative potential and to improve therapeutic strategies. Drosophila has proven to be a suitable model to study MuSC and offers a combination of genetics, live imaging and genomics approaches to uncover general principles governing MuSC biology in vivo.
  • 468
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
CD36 in Pancreatic β-Cell Pathophysiology
CD36 is a transmembrane glycoprotein found in platelets, mononuclear phagocytes, adipocytes, hepatocytes, myocytes, taste bud cells, and a variety of other cell types. 
  • 468
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Synaptotagmin-13 Is a Neuroendocrine Marker
Synaptotagmin-13 (Syt13) is an atypical member of the vesicle trafficking synaptotagmin protein family. The expression pattern and the biological function of this Ca2+-independent protein are not well resolved. Here, we have generated a novel Syt13-Venus fusion (Syt13-VF) fluorescence reporter allele to track and isolate tissues and cells expressing Syt13 protein. The reporter allele is regulated by endogenous cis-regulatory elements of Syt13 and the fusion protein follows an identical expression pattern of the endogenous Syt13 protein. The homozygous reporter mice are viable and fertile.
  • 468
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Doublecortin
Doublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule associated protein, essential for correct central nervous system development and lamination in the mammalian cortex. It has been demonstrated to be expressed in developing but not in mature neurons. The teleost visual system is an ideal model to study mechanisms of adult neurogenesis due to its continuous life-long growth. Immunohistochemical, in silico, and western blot analysis to detect the DCX protein in the visual system of teleost fish are described here.
  • 468
  • 23 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Therapeutic Strategies for Leukemic Stem Cells
Notoriously known for their capacity to reconstitute hematological malignancies in vivo, leukemic stem cells (LSCs) represent key drivers of therapeutic resistance and disease relapse, posing as a major medical dilemma. Despite having low abundance in the bulk leukemic population, LSCs have developed unique molecular dependencies and intricate signaling networks to enable self-renewal, quiescence, and drug resistance. The abundance of molecular and phenotypical aberrations associated with LSCs offers a wealth of promising therapeutic targets. Therapeutic designs have focused on drugging surface biomarkers selectively overexpressed on LSCs, antagonizing the protective bone marrow (BM) microenvironment niche to dismantle LSC dormancy, blocking signal transduction to re-sensitize resistant LSCs to available chemotherapeutics, and even expediting the drug supply pipeline through drug repurposing. Evidently, growing insight into the biological properties and prognostic values of LSCs have prompted the implementation of many clinical trials and have laid critical groundwork for the development of more effective, personalized, scalable, and less-toxic therapeutic strategies.
  • 468
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Metabolic Regulation of Mitochondrial Protein Biogenesis in neurons
Neurons critically depend on mitochondria for ATP production and Ca2+ buffering. They are highly compartmentalized cells and therefore a finely tuned mitochondrial network constantly adapting to the local requirements is necessary. For neuronal maintenance, old or damaged mitochondria need to be degraded, while the functional mitochondrial pool needs to be replenished with freshly synthesized components. Mitochondrial biogenesis is known to be primarily regulated via the PGC-1α-NRF1/2-TFAM pathway at the transcriptional level. However, while transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial genes can change the global mitochondrial content in neurons, it does not explain how a morphologically complex cell like a neuron adapts to local differences in mitochondrial demand. 
  • 468
  • 07 Nov 2022
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