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Topic Review
Involvement of Immune Cells in CC Immunosuppressive TIME
Cervical cancer (CC) is a major health problem in women of childbearing age. The immune response plays a crucial role in detecting and preventing the development of CC. However, factors such as age, prior or repeated human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, changes in the microbiota of the reproductive tract, and lifestyle choices can lead to immune dysregulation and increase the risk of CC. One of the critical components of the TIME is tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which are altered in CC and can contribute to tumor growth. 
  • 372
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
All-Russian Collection of Plant Cell Cultures
The collections of plant cell cultures maintained in vitro are valuable sources of strains with unique ecological and biotechnological traits. Such collections play a vital role in bioresource conservation, science, and industry development. Here is an overview of All-Russian Collection of Plant Cell Cultures at the Institute of Plant Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPPRAS). The total collection holdings comprise about 120 cell cultures of medicinal and model plant species. Several plant cell culture strains have been adapted for cultivation in bioreactors from laboratory (5–20-L) to pilot (75-L) to semi-industrial (630-L) scale for the production of biomass with high nutritive or pharmacological value. Some of the strains with proven biological activities are currently used to produce cosmetics and food supplements. Here is also provided a brief information on the current collection composition and major activities, their use in research, biotechnology, and commercial application. The most interesting studies performed with collection strains were highlighted.
  • 362
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
p38γ MAPK in Physiology and Disease
p38γ MAPK (also called ERK6 or SAPK3) is a family member of stress-activated MAPKs and has common and specific roles as compared to other p38 proteins in signal transduction. In addition to inflammation, p38γ metabolic signaling is involved in physiological exercise and in pathogenesis of cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer’s disease, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target. p38γphosphorylates at least 19 substrates through which p38γ activity is further modified to regulate life-important cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, cell death, and transformation, thereby impacting biological outcomes of p38γ-driven pathogenesis. P38γ signaling is characterized by its unique reciprocal regulation with its specific phosphatase PTPH1 and by its direct binding to promoter DNAs, leading to transcriptional activation of targets including cancer-like stem cell drivers.
  • 250
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Cellular Differentiation
Across embryonic development to late adulthood, highly regulated cellular differentiation is imperative for proper development and growth, as well as for the maintenance of specialized tissues throughout life. In general, this crucial cellular process underlies organogenesis and tissue regeneration, and its dysregulation or pathological dysfunction may accelerate aging and/or the onset of disease. Furthermore, the effects of cannabinoids on cellular differentiation are seen across a broad variety of tissues, including many peripheral tissues such as muscle, bone, and blood.
  • 354
  • 04 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Human Liver Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from the majority of human tissues and easily maintained in culture. Cells derived from different sources have closely resemblant, but not identical phenotypes, gene expression patterns, and differentiation profiles. Unique features of human liver MSCs include expression of the hepatocyte-specific genes and predisposition to differentiate into the hepatocytes. This makes liver MSCs an attractive starting material for the manufacturing of human hepatocytes, which are in short supply in basic research, drug testing, and cell therapy. 
  • 211
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Tumor Microenvironment of Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Squamous cell carcinomas arise from stratified squamous epithelia. Here, a comparative analysis based on recent studies defining the genetic alterations and composition of the stroma of oral and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC and CSCC, respectively) was performed. Both carcinomas share some but not all histological and genetic features. 
  • 205
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Invasiveness
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant primary brain cancer in adults. Without treatment the mean patient survival is approximately 6 months, which can be extended to 15 months with the use of multimodal therapies. The low effectiveness of GBM therapies is mainly due to the tumor infiltration into the healthy brain tissue, which depends on GBM cells’ interaction with the tumor microenvironment (TME). The interaction of GBM cells with the TME involves cellular components such as stem-like cells, glia, endothelial cells, and non-cellular components such as the extracellular matrix, enhanced hypoxia, and soluble factors such as adenosine, which promote GBM’s invasiveness.
  • 277
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
STAT Activation and Signaling
There is a significant body of evidence that has demonstrated that Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) play a critical role in ovarian cancer progression. The STAT family is comprised of seven distinct proteins, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5A and 5B, and STAT6. The structure among STAT proteins remains highly conserved, with all STAT proteins encoding a coiled-coil (CC) domain, a DNA-binding (DB) domain, and a SRC homology 2 (SH2) domain.
  • 347
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Non-Cellular Molecular Interactome in the Blood Circulation
Much like artificial nanoparticles, relatively more complex biological entities with nanometric dimensions such as pathogens (viruses, bacteria, and other microorganisms) may also acquire a biomolecular corona upon entering the blood circulation of an organism. 
  • 256
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Cellular Components of Tumor Microenvironment  in cHL
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a lymphoid neoplasm composed of rare neoplastic Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells surrounded by a reactive tumor microenvironment (TME) with suppressive properties against anti-tumor immunity. TME is mainly composed of T cells (CD4 helper, CD8 cytotoxic and regulatory) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), but the impact of these cells on the natural course of the disease is not absolutely understood. 
  • 390
  • 28 Jun 2023
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