Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT)
Photodynamic inactivation is known as a new antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). It is based on the administration of a photosensitizer located in the bacterial/viral cell followed by exposure to light radiations (with a proper wavelength corresponding with the maximum value of absorption of the photosensitizer) that generate singlet oxygen or reactive oxygen species, which lead to the death of different microorganisms. This review will present an overview beyond the state-of-the-art of the photosensitizer types (based on tetra-p-sulphonated-phenyl porphyrin—TSPP, which is able to form cationic and J-aggregates forms at different pH values ((1–4) and concentrations around 10−5 M) and their applications of PDT for viruses, especially. 
  • 1.5K
  • 30 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Potential of Dithiocarbamates Complexes
Dithiocarbamates and their metal complexes have shown promising antimicrobial activities; the mechanisms responsible for the antimicrobial activity include their ability to act as enzyme inhibitors for (i) fungal, protozoan, and bacterial carbonic anhydrase and (ii) metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) in antibiotic resistant bacteria, particularly Gram-negative bacteria.
  • 542
  • 25 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Antioxidant Activity of Selenium
Selenium is one of the eight necessary trace elements humans require for active health balance. It contributes in several ways to the proper functioning of selenoprotein. Selenium has received enormous interest due to its therapeutic potential against a number of ailments. Numerous chemical compounds containing selenium have been investigated for the therapy of cancer and other disorders. Unifying the selenium atom into chemical components (typically organic) greatly increased their bioactivities. Selenocysteine can substitute the effect of cysteine and shield healthy cells from the adverse effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS); in other ways, specific selenium compounds are classified as antioxidant agents that preserve the redox environment in healthy cells.
  • 643
  • 13 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Antioxidant Compounds Extracted from Plants for Vegetable Oils
Oil oxidation is the main factor limiting vegetable oils’ quality during storage, as it leads to the deterioration of oil’s nutritional quality and gives rise to disagreeable flavors. These changes make fat-containing foods less acceptable to consumers. To deal with this problem and to meet consumer demand for natural foods, vegetable oil fabricators and the food industry are looking for alternatives to synthetic antioxidants to protect oils from oxidation. In this context, natural antioxidant compounds extracted from different parts (leaves, roots, flowers, and seeds) of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) could be used as a promising and sustainable solution to protect consumers’ health. 
  • 903
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Antiviral Fullerene
Fullerenes were discovered in 1985. They are spherical or ellipsoidal in shape, with hollow cage structures. Fullerene C60, the representative fullerene, is ~0.7 nm in diameter. Three discoverers of fullerene C60 won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1996. With the continuous development of fullerene preparation technology, fullerenes have presented unprecedented opportunities in the field of biomedicine. For some common virus, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), influenza, Ebola and so on, fullerene and their derivatives exhibit high levels of antiviral activity, inhibiting virus replication in vitro and in vivo. Unlike traditional small molecules, fullerene is a type of promising antiviral nanodrug. 
  • 586
  • 08 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Application of Isocyanide-Based Multicomponent Reactions
Multicomponent reactions are a fascinating family of organic chemistry transformations. Traditional bimolecular reactions are outperformed by such reactions, which combine three or more reactants into one reaction product. Multicomponent reactions speed up chemical space exploration by minimizing the quantity of synthesis and refinement steps needed to create a particular target. Isocyanides (isonitriles) were the only stable organic molecules containing a formally divalent carbon atom for a long period of time. The group of isocyanides are distinguishable from other functional groups due to their reactivity.
  • 363
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Asymmetric Lipid Vesicles
Liposomes have been widely studied for drug release applications, for which they are known to have the desired effect by releasing specific concentrations on site. In drug delivery, when a drug is supplied directly to the bloodstream, problems such as short circulation times, drug breakdown, and clearance are lessened. Liposomes are an alternative to avoid these problems because they can trap the drug, control the dosage need, and have an effective drug concentration to target the desired cells.
  • 224
  • 09 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Heterocyclic Compounds
Fluorescently labelled heterocyclic compounds are useful in bioanalytical applications, including in vivo imaging, high throughput screening, diagnostics, and light-emitting diodes. These compounds have various therapeutic properties, including antifungal, antitumor, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Different neutral fluorescent markers containing nitrogen heterocycles (quinolones, azafluoranthenes, pyrazoloquinolines, etc.) have several electrochemical, biological, and nonlinear optic applications. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which destroys tumors and keeps normal tissues safe, works in the presence of molecular oxygen with light and a photosensitizing drugs (dye) to obtain a therapeutic effect. 
  • 5.2K
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Heterocyclic NO-Donors
In a series of known structural classes capable of NO release, heterocyclic NO-donors are of special importance due to their increased hydrolytic stability and low toxicity. It is no wonder that synthetic and biochemical investigations of heterocyclic NO-donors have emerged significantly in recent years. In this review, we summarized recent advances in the synthesis, reactivity and biomedical applications of promising heterocyclic NO-donors (furoxans, sydnone imines, pyridazine dioxides, azasydnones).
  • 602
  • 28 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Applying CADD for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease are incurable and affect millions of people worldwide. The development of treatments for this unmet clinical need is a major global research challenge. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) methods minimize the huge number of ligands that could be screened in biological assays, reducing the cost, time, and effort required to develop new drugs. 
  • 895
  • 07 May 2021
  • Page
  • of
  • 34
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Feedback