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Topic Review
Self-Healing Mechanisms of Polyurea
Self-healing polymers are categorized as smart materials that are capable of surface protection and prevention of structural failure. Polyurethane/polyurea, as one of the representative coatings, has also attracted attention for industrial applications.
  • 1.5K
  • 20 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Self-Healing Mechanisms and 3D Printing
Existing self-healing mechanisms are still very far from full-scale implementation, and most published work has only demonstrated damage cure at the laboratory level. Their rheological nature makes the mechanisms for damage cure difficult to implement, as the component or structure is expected to continue performing its function. In most cases, a molecular bond level chemical reaction is required for complete healing with external stimulations such as heating, light and temperature change. Such requirements of external stimulations and reactions make the existing self-healing mechanism almost impossible to implement in 3D printed products, particularly in critical applications.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Self-Healing Mechanism of Hydrogel
The route to achieve self-healing of hydrogels is by noncovalent or reversible dynamic covalent bonding in polymeric materials, and enhancing the conductivity of hydrogels by the addition of conductive fillers, conductive polymers or conductive ions.
  • 607
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Self-Healing Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Self-healing is the remarkable ability of living organisms to repair their own damage by themselves. Inspired from nature, the great challenge for researchers is to create and develop polymers and composites with high potential for self-healing, offering alternatives to the current options and moving toward materials with extended service lifetime for various applications. Most of recent publications in this area concern innovative (bio)materials with excellent healing performance, such as ionomers, semiconductors, self-assembling systems, hydrogels, micro- and nanoparticles, coatings, films and membranes, capsules, vascular networks, shape memory or stimuli-induced self-healing materials, etc. They are able to spontaneously repair themselves after damage or degradation, recovering structural integrity and functionality by increasing the rate of healing versus the rate of damage. A recent published approach  (Polymers 2022, 14, 130) is a synergetic combination of the polymer characteristics with those of proteins/peptides in order to prepare stable networks with high elasticity and self-healing ability, suitable for biomedical applications.
  • 579
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Self-Healing Energetic Composite Materials
Energetic composite materials (ECMs) are the basic materials of polymer binder explosives and composite solid propellants, which are mainly composed of explosive crystals and binders. During the manufacturing, storage and use of ECMs, the bonding surface is prone to micro/fine cracks or defects caused by external stimuli such as temperature, humidity and impact, affecting the safety and service of ECMs. Therefore, substantial efforts have been devoted to designing suitable self-healing binders aimed at repairing cracks/defects.
  • 717
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Self-Healing Elastomers
It is impossible to describe the recent progress of our society without considering the role of polymers; however, for a broad audience, “polymer” is usually related to environmental pollution. The poor disposal and management of polymeric waste has led to an important environmental crisis, and, within polymers, plastics have attracted bad press despite being easily reprocessable. Nonetheless, there is a group of polymeric materials that is particularly more complex to reprocess, rubbers. These macromolecules are formed by irreversible crosslinked networks that give them their characteristic elastic behavior, but at the same time avoid their reprocessing. Conferring them a self-healing capacity stands out as a decisive approach for overcoming this limitation. By this mean, rubbers would be able to repair or restore their damage automatically, autonomously, or by applying an external stimulus, increasing their lifetime, and making them compatible with the circular economy model.
  • 715
  • 26 May 2022
Topic Review
Self-Healing Concrete
The production of cement accounts for 5 to 7% of carbon dioxide emissions in the world, and its broad-scale use contributes to climate imbalance. As a solution, biotechnology enables the cultivation of bacteria and fungi for the synthesis of calcium carbonate as one of the main constituents of cement. Through biomineralization, which is the initial driving force for the synthesis of compounds compatible with concrete, and crystallization, these compounds can be delivered to cracks in concrete. Microencapsulation is a method that serves as a clock to determine when crystallization is needed, which is assisted by control factors such as pH and aeration. 
  • 410
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Self-Healable Lithium-Ion Batteries
The inner constituents of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are easy to deform during charging and discharging processes, and the accumulation of these deformations would result in physical fractures, poor safety performances, and short lifespan of LIBs. The introduction of self-healing (SH) materials into electrodes or electrolytes can bring about great enhancements in their mechanical strength, thus optimizing the cycle stability of the batteries. Due to the self-healing property of these special functional materials, the fractures/cracks generated during repeated cycles could be spontaneously cured. 
  • 544
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Self-assembly-based manufacturing of nano-biomaterials
We previously reported that heparin-based nano-biomaterials produced by simple mixing of raw materials exhibit sustained protein release, and thereby used as a drug delivery carrier. In the present study, we modified the nano-biomaterials without employing any organic synthetic approach to retain the property as a cell-penetrating peptide facilitating protein delivery to cell. We examined whether the heparin-based nano-biomaterials have the ability to deliver exogenous proteins into cultured cells in vitro or into murine hepatocytes in vivo through intravenous injection to anesthetized mice. Consequently, we found that the transferred protein was accumulated in both cultured cells and in vivo hepatocytes.
  • 520
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Self-Assembly Based on DNA Nanotechnology
Using DNA self-assembly, materials can be controlled at the nano scale to achieve atomic- or nano-scaled fabrication. The programmability and addressability of DNA molecules can be applied to realize the self-assembly of materials from the bottom-up, which is called DNA nanotechnology. DNA nanotechnology does not focus on the biological functions of DNA molecules, but combines them into motifs, and then assembles these motifs to form ordered two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) lattices. These lattices can serve as general templates to regulate the assembly of guest materials.
  • 2.0K
  • 18 May 2021
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