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Topic Review
Silver Bionanocomposites as Active Food Packaging
Food waste is a pressing global challenge leading to over $1 trillion lost annually and contributing up to 10% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Extensive study has been directed toward the use of active biodegradable packaging materials to improve food quality, minimize plastic use, and encourage sustainable packaging technology development.
  • 254
  • 07 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Silver and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
The versatility of Ag-NPs and zinc oxide NPs (ZnO-NPs) in rendering themselves to many applications, including in sensors, renewable energies, environmental remediation, bio-therapeutic devices, clothing, antimicrobial is currently being explored.
  • 492
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Silver and Silver Nanoparticles for Treatment of COVID-19
COVID-19 is an epizootic and life-threatening outbreak affecting millions of people globally. Coronavirus variants have emerged in different locations since their origin. Silver and its compounds, including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have been used in the medical field for a long period, especially in surgical treatments. The anti-microbial and anti-viral properties of silver are well documented. These properties depend on the size of the particles, concentration, precursor, method of preparation, and the presence of other benefiting compounds. Several experiments were conducted by researchers worldwide to prove the anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties of silver (Ag) and AgNPs, emphasizing that silver can be introduced to multiple organs in the human body and exhibit the expected antiviral characteristics.
  • 1.5K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Siloxanes
Siloxanes are adaptable species that have found extensive applications as versatile materials for functionalising various surfaces and as building blocks for polymers and hybrid organic-inorganic systems. The primary goal of this review is to report on and briefly explain the most relevant recent developments related to siloxanes and their applications, particularly regarding surface modification and the synthesis of graft copolymers bearing siloxane or polysiloxane segments. The key strategies for both functionalisation and synthesis of siloxane-bearing polymers are highlighted, and the various trends in the development of siloxane-based materials and the intended directions of their applications are explored.
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Silk-Based Magnetic Materials
Silk fibroin protein materials have shown excellent tensile strength, flexibility and biocompatibility. Natural silk fibers are composed of sericin coating and silk fibroin proteins. Sericin as a protective gel coat wraps the silk fibroin, which can be removed by a degumming process. Silk fibroin protein contains 18 amino acids, of which simple glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala) and serine (Ser) account for above 70%.
  • 570
  • 26 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Silk Proteins with Metal Ions and Factors
Silk secreted by Bombyx mori L. silkworm has become one of the most important biomaterials, due to its excellent biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability, superior processability, and unique mechanical properties. Silk fibroin and sericin, as the two components of silk, contain abundant polar functional groups, and thus can bind metal ions through electrostatic interaction and chelation.
  • 302
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Silk Fibroin in Human and Veterinary Medicine
The properties of silk make it a promising material for medical applications, both in human and veterinary medicine. Its predominant amino acids, glycine and alanine, exhibit low chemical reactivity, reducing the risk of graft rejection, a notable advantage over most synthetic polymers. Hence, silk is increasingly used as a material for 3D printing in biomedicine. It can be used to build cell scaffolding with the desired cytocompatibility and biodegradability. In combination with gelatine, silk can be used in the treatment of arthritis, and as a hydrogel, to regenerate chondrocytes and mesenchymal cells. When combined with gelatine and collagen, it can also make skin grafts and regenerate the integumentary system. In the treatment of bone tissue, it can be used in combination with polylactic acid and hydroxyapatite to produce bone clips having good mechanical properties and high immunological tolerance.
  • 271
  • 04 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Silk
Silk from the silkworm Bombyx mori is well-known for its use in clothing. Silk is also a high-performance biomaterial that is already clinically approved due to its renowned biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and tunable biodegradation (minutes to years) 
  • 806
  • 05 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Silicones Renewed for Emerging Applications
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the basis of the vast majority of silicone products that have found use in almost all areas of human activity, from cosmetics to the nuclear or aerospace industry. After 80 years from the first direct synthesis of silicones (2020), they still enjoy great interest, both scientific and applicative, being extremely versatile. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), in spite of its well-defined helical structure, is an amorphous fluid even at extremely high molecular weights. The cause of this behavior is the high flexibility of the siloxane backbone and the lack of intermolecular interactions attributed to the presence of methyl groups. These make PDMS incompatible with almost any organic or inorganic component leading to phase separation in copolymers and blends. The material itself is hydrophobic and permeable to gases, with low viscosity, solubility parameters, low glass transition temperature and very low surface tension. This makes the silicones spread very easily, distinguished by their ability to form temporary films and thin coatings to more substantial durable films or with self-leveling and adhesive capacities as stand-alone sheets of different sizes and thickness, from a few micrometers to a few millimeters. One application that is based on this property is the formation of free standing, flexible submicrometric films of interest as active elements in certain devices, such as dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). Dielectric elastomers (DEs), three-dimensional networks of long and flexible polymer chains, are soft active materials showing promising properties that mimic natural muscle for use in advanced robotics and smart prosthetics, as well as in haptic and microfluidic devices. They enjoy great interest due to their inherent flexibility, large strain, high efficiency, high energy density, and fast response of the material. In addition, some of their properties can be adjusted as required by chemical, physical or combined approaches. 
  • 541
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Silicone Resin-Based Intumescent Paints
Silicone resins are widely applied as coating materials due to their unique properties, especially those related to very good heat resistance. The most important effect on the long-term heat resistance of the coating is connected with the type of resin. Moreover, this structure is stabilized by a chemical reaction between the hydroxyl groups from the organoclay and the silicone resin. The novel trends in application of silicone resins in intumescent paints used mostly for protection of steel structures against fire will be presented based on literature review. Some examples of innovative applications for fire protection of other materials will be also presented. The effect of silicone resin structure and the type of filler used in these paints on the properties of the char formed during the thermal decomposition of the intumescent paint will be discussed in detail. The most frequently used additives are expanded graphite and organoclay. It has been demonstrated that silicate platelets are intercalated in the silicone matrix, significantly increasing its mechanical strength and resulting in high protection against fire.
  • 972
  • 05 Nov 2020
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