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Topic Review
Structural and Thermal Characterization of Resins
The synthesis of poly(vinylbenzyl pyridinium salts) fabricated through poly(vinylbenzyl halogene-co-divinylbenzene) quaternization of N-decyloxy-1-(pyridin-3- or -4-yl)ethaneimine was verified by the FTIR spectra of the final quaternized products, in comparison with the spectra of the initial copolymers.
  • 471
  • 17 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Stripping Voltammetry Methods for Rare Earth Elements
Rare earth metals are used in the most dynamically developing areas of the high technology industry, such as aviation, space flights, production of mobile phones (smartphones), catalysts, high-energy magnetic materials, LCD screens, LED diodes, hybrid car engines, and new generation Ni-MH batteries. These metals are widely used in metallurgy as alloying additives to improve the properties of doped metals, permanent magnets or polishing pastes. The biological activity of lanthanum compounds has also been proven and, hence, they are used in medicine. They have also found a unique application in the production of optical filters, phosphors, dyes, fertilizers, and insulation fibers. Rare earth elements (REEs) have become indispensable in the world of technology, owing to their unusual magnetic, phosphorescent, and catalytic properties. The growing demand for these elements has resulted in these metals being included in the group of 20 critical mineral raw materials for the EU economy. The main environmental risk posed by rare earth elements is tailings, which are a mixture of small-sized particles, waste water, and floatation chemicals used in the processing stages. Most rare earth elements also consist of radioactive materials which impose the risk of radioactive dust and water emissions.
  • 217
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Stress Corrosion Cracking of Copper–Nickel Alloys
Under the combination of certain corrosive ions and stress, Cu-Ni alloys may experience severe stress corrosion cracking (SCC), which causes premature failure and hinders their further applications as crucial construction materials in various engineering fields.
  • 214
  • 13 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Stress Corrosion Cracking in APS-Glasses
Stress corrosion cracking is a well-known phenomenon in oxide glasses. However, how amorphous phase separation (APS) alters stress corrosion cracking, and the overall mechanical response of an oxide glass is less known in literature. APS is a dominant feature concerning many multicomponent systems, particularly the ternary sodium borosilicate (SBN) glass systems.
  • 575
  • 16 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Strengths and Weaknesses of Biomimetic Delivery Systems
Biomimetic delivery systems (BDSs), defined by their ability to mimic biological systems, hold significant promise in the realm of biomedicine and nanomedicine. They leverage the principles of nature, emulating the structural or functional attributes of biological systems to enhance drug delivery capabilities.
  • 198
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Strategies of Renal Drug Delivery Systems
The kidneys are the most important organs in the human urinary system, selectively filtering blood and metabolic waste into urine via the renal glomerulus. Based on charge and/or molecule size, the glomerular filtration apparatus acts as a barrier to therapeutic substances. Therefore, drug distribution to the kidneys is challenging, resulting in therapy failure in a variety of renal illnesses. Hence, different approaches to improve drug delivery across the glomerulus filtration barrier are being investigated. Nanotechnology in medicine has the potential to have a significant impact on human health, from illness prevention to diagnosis and treatment. Nanomaterials with various physicochemical properties, including size, charge, surface and shape, with unique biological attributes, such as low cytotoxicity, high cellular internalization and controllable biodistribution and pharmacokinetics, have demonstrated promising potential in renal therapy. Different types of nanosystems have been employed to deliver drugs to the kidneys. 
  • 258
  • 22 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Strategies for the Preparation of Phosphorus Janus Dendrimers
Dendrimers, being highly branched monodispersed macromolecules, predominantly exhibit identical terminal functionalities within their structural framework. Nonetheless, there are instances where the presence of two distinct surface functionalities becomes advantageous for the fulfilment of specific properties. To achieve this objective, one approach involves implementing Janus dendrimers, consisting of two dendrimeric wedges terminated by dissimilar functionalities.
  • 662
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Strategies for Improving Cell-Penetrating Peptides Stability and Delivery
Peptides play an important role in many fields, including immunology, medical diagnostics, and drug discovery, due to their high specificity and positive safety profile. However, for their delivery as active pharmaceutical ingredients, delivery vectors, or diagnostic imaging molecules, they suffer from two serious shortcomings: their poor metabolic stability and short half-life. Major research efforts are being invested to tackle those drawbacks, where structural modifications and novel delivery tactics have been developed to boost their ability to reach their targets as fully functional species.
  • 750
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Strain Study of Cuprate Superconductors
Cuprate superconductors have attracted extensive attention due to their broad promising application prospects. Among the factors affecting superconductivity, the effect of strain cannot be ignored, which can significantly enhance or degrade superconductivity. The method of strain application, measurement techniques, and influences in detail are described.
  • 341
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Strain Gradient Plasticity Theories (SGPT)
SGTs are featured with the introduction of one or more scale lengths in the model used to describe the medium behavior.  Among all the SGTs, those that make use of the gradient of the plastic part of the strain are called Strain Gradient Plasticity Theories (SGPT).
  • 805
  • 23 Sep 2020
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