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Topic Review
Wearable Actuators
Applications of wearable actuators mainly include wearable robotics, haptic devices, and smart textiles. Wearable robotics have been proven valuable in rehabilitation, body assistance, and/or virtual reality. These applications cover systems of various sizes, from millimeter-scale biorobots to large deployable structures.
  • 1.6K
  • 03 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Current Nanomaterials in Nanomedicine
Anticancer nanomedicines have been studied over 30 years, but fewer than 10 formulations have been approved for clinical therapy today. Despite abundant options of anticancer drugs, it remains challenging to have agents specifically target cancer cells while reducing collateral toxicity to healthy tissue. Nanocompartments that can be selective toward points deeply within malignant tissues are a promising concept, but the heterogeneity of tumor tissue, inefficiency of cargo loading and releasing, and low uniformity of manufacture required from preclinical to commercialization are major obstacles. Technological advances have been made in this field, creating engineered nanomaterials with improved uniformity, flexibility of cargo loading, diversity of surface modification, and less inducible immune responses. 
  • 556
  • 03 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Black Phosphorus
Black phosphorus (BP) is one of the emerging versatile nanomaterials with outstanding biocompatibility and biodegradability, exhibiting great potential as a promising inorganic nanomaterial in the biomedical field. BP nanomaterials possess excellent ability for valid bio-conjugation and molecular loading in anticancer therapy. Generally, BP nanomaterials can be classified into BP nanosheets (BPNSs) and BP quantum dots (BPQDs), and both of them can be oxidized and degraded to nontoxic phosphonates and phosphate under physiological conditions, improving their safety as a nano drug carrier in cancer therapy. In addition, BP nanomaterials can be applied as photothermal agents (PTA) for photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to their high photothermal conversion efficiency, large extinction coefficients, and capability of producing singlet oxygen. Recently, it has been reported that BP-based phototherapy is capable of activating immune responses and alleviating the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by detection of T lymphocytes and various immunocytokines, indicating that BP-based nanocomposites not only serve as effective PTAs to ablate large solid tumors but also function as an immunomodulation agent to eliminate discrete tumorlets.
  • 636
  • 02 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Composite Films
The healing of wounds is still one of the challenging clinical problems for which an efficient and fast treatment is needed. Therefore, recent studies have created a new generation of wound dressings which can accelerate the wound healing process with minimum side effects. Chitosan, a natural biopolymer, is an attractive candidate for preparing biocompatible dressings. The biodegradability, non-toxicity and antibacterial activity of chitosan have made it a promising biopolymer for treating wounds. Graphene oxide has also been considered by researchers as a non-toxic, inexpensive, and biocompatible material for wound healing applications. This review discusses the potential use of chitosan/graphene oxide composite films and their application in wound dressing and drug delivery systems. 
  • 984
  • 02 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Additive Manufacturing of Soft Materials
The growing demand for wearable devices, soft robotics, and tissue engineering in recent years has led to an increased effort in the field of soft materials. With the advent of personalized devices, the one-shape-fits-all manufacturing methods may soon no longer be the standard for the rapidly increasing market of soft devices. Recent findings have pushed technology and materials in the area of additive manufacturing (AM) as an alternative fabrication method for soft functional devices, taking geometrical designs and functionality to greater heights.
  • 1.6K
  • 02 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Metal Nanoparticles for C–H activation
The design of highly active metal nanoparticles to be employed as efficient heterogeneous catalysts is a key tool for the construction of complex organic molecules and the minimization of their environmental costs. The formation of novel C–N bonds via C–H activation is an effective atom-economical strategy to access high value materials in pharmaceuticals, polymers, and natural product production. 
  • 481
  • 02 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Microbially-Induced Desaturation and Carbonate Precipitation
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been proposed as a sustainable approach to solve various environmental, structural, geotechnical and architectural issues. In the last decade, a ubiquitous microbial metabolism, nitrate reduction (also known as denitrification) got attention in MICP research due to its unique added benefits such as simultaneous corrosion inhibition in concrete and desaturation of porous media. The latter even upgraded MICP into a more advanced concept called microbially induced desaturation and precipitation (MIDP) which is being investigated for liquefaction mitigation.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Production Methods of Peptides
Peptides are organic polymers composed of 2–50 amino acids linked to each other by means of covalent amide (=peptide) bonds. The composition, length and sequence of the amino acid chain have a dramatic influence on the activity of the peptide itself, for example in the human body. Peptides are called bioactive if they have a beneficial impact on body functions, on biological processes and, as a consequence, on health. The main production methods to obtain peptides are enzymatic hydrolysis, microbial fermentation, recombinant approach and, especially, chemical synthesis. 
  • 3.2K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Molecular Nanomaterials in Industrial Applications
Nanomaterials have not only become one of the ‘hottest’ areas in research and development all over the world but also attracted numerous considerations in the industrial sectors. This technology can be primarily defined by their functional properties which determine how they interact with other disciplines. Recently, it becomes an evolving field in material science, materials processing technology, mechanics, electronics, optics, medicine, energy and aerospace, plastics and textiles etc. This technology not only establishes an interdisciplinary and emerging domain that embraces physics, chemistry, engineering but also contributes to detection of diseases, better therapy options, and remarkable reduced health-care expenses. Molecular nanomaterials can also be applied in manufacturing through ultra-precision, development of nano-metric microscopic devices, biological structures, nano robots, super computers, industries and genetics etc. All materials or devices which are nanometer scale (dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nm) structured are included in nanomaterials.
  • 2.7K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Carbon Anode
Carbon anode refers to a broad family of essentially pure carbon, whose members can be tailored to vary widely in their strength, density, conductivity, pore structure, and crystalline development. These attributes contribute to their widespread applicability. Specific characteristics are imparted to the finished product by controlling the selection of precursor materials (including cokes, polymers and fibers) and the method of processing. In general, carbon anode electrodes are characterized by low cost production, high surface area, a wide working potential window in many media, high electrocatalytic activities for different redox-active chemical and biochemical systems, and chemical inertness.Moreover, their surface chemistry enables the functionalization of these carbon platforms via strong covalent or noncovalent methods with surface modifiers, which improves their electrochemical performance. Recent achievements of carbon anode materials and their structural design for better performances of aluminium production, lithium-ion secondary batteries, lithium cobalt oxide batteries, nano-tube production, substitution of amorphous electrode materials, photoanodes production, solar cells, fuel cells, supercapacitors, sensors and pumps, neurochemical monitors, etc., are finding enormous applications in industrial, commercial and social sectors. 
  • 5.4K
  • 31 Aug 2021
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