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Topic Review
Thin Polymer Films on Glass
Thin polymer films play critical roles in various glass industry applications. They have been used as adhesives in automotive and architecture, an anti-fouling coating layer in touch-screen applications, a substrate for organic light emitting diode, and a protective layer for glass packaging.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Thin Film Superconductors
Thin superconducting films have been a significant part of superconductivity research for more than six decades. They have had a significant impact on the existing consensus on the microscopic and macroscopic nature of the superconducting state. Thin-film superconductors are frequently considered to be Type II superconductors even when they are from Type I materials because of the strong effect of the stray magnetic fields outside the superconductive sample. Thin films can be defined as materials, where one dimension is highly constrained relative to the other two dimensions or a system whose properties are determined by the surface energy. Thin films consist of two main components: the microstructure and the surface morphology. The microstructure refers to the microscopic crystal structure of the thin film. Thin films fabrication has a virtually unlimited ability to synthesise materials with new or improved properties. This means new devices and applications can be realized.
  • 1.6K
  • 06 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Thienopyrimidine
Thienopyrimidine emerges as an attractive scaffold in medicinal chemistry with a wide array of pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antiviral. Considering the fusion between pyrimidine and thiophene rings, three different thienopyrimidines can be obtained, namely thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines, thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines and thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidines. Different synthetic pathways involving the construction of the pyrimidine or the thiophene ring were reported in the literature to access polysubstituted thienopyrimidines. In these approaches, the synthetic strategies mostly involved the synthesis of a thienopyrimidin-4-one derivative, where position 4 could be modified via further functionalization.
  • 840
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Thiazolidinedione Derivatives
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a kind of DMII drug. The data revealed that compounds (4–6) have higher potency than the reference drugs. Compounds (4–7) were able to regulate hyperlipidemia levels (cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoproteins and low- and very-low-density lipoproteins) to nearly normal value at the 30th day.
  • 641
  • 29 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Thiazoles and Bisthiazoles
Thiazole, a five-membered heteroaromatic ring, is an important scaffold of a large number of synthetic compounds. Its diverse pharmacological activity is reflected in many clinically approved thiazole-containing molecules, with an extensive range of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic, antitumor, antiparkinsonian, and anti-inflammatory effects.
  • 1.9K
  • 29 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Thiazole-Based Peptides
Peptides are distinctive biomacromolecules that demonstrate potential cytotoxicity and diversified bioactivities against a variety of microorganisms including bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungi via their unique mechanisms of action. Among broad-ranging pharmacologically active peptides, natural marine-originated thiazole-based oligopeptides possess peculiar structural features along with a wide spectrum of exceptional and potent bioproperties. Because of their complex nature and size divergence, thiazole-based peptides (TBPs) bestow a pivotal chemical platform in drug discovery processes to generate competent scaffolds for regulating allosteric binding sites and peptide–peptide interactions. The present study dissertates on the natural reservoirs and exclusive structural components of marine-originated TBPs, with a special focus on their most pertinent pharmacological profiles, which may impart vital resources for the development of novel peptide-based therapeutic agents.
  • 650
  • 22 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Thia-Michael Reaction
While the Michael addition has been employed for more than 130 years for the synthesis of a vast diversity of compounds, the reversibility of this reaction when heteronucleophiles are involved has been generally less considered. First applied to medicinal chemistry, the reversible character of the hetero-Michael reactions has been explored for the synthesis of Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs), in particular the thia-Michael reaction and more recently the aza-Michael reaction. In these cross-linked networks, exchange reactions take place between two Michael adducts by successive dissociation and association steps. In order to understand and precisely control the exchange in these CANs, it is necessary to get an insight into the critical parameters influencing the Michael addition and the dissociation rates of Michael adducts by reconsidering previous studies on these matters. 
  • 981
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Thermosets with Flame Retardants
Epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins are the most used thermosetting polymers.They are commonly used in electronics, construction, marine, automotive and aircraft industries.Moreover, reinforcing both epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins with carbon or glass fibre in a fabric form has enabled them to be used in high-performance applications. However, their organic nature as any other polymeric materials made them highly lammable materials. Enhancing the flame retardancy performance of thermosetting polymers and their composites can be improved by the addition of flame-retardant materials, but this comes at the expense of their mechanical properties. In this regard, a comprehensive review on the recent research articles that studied the flame retardancy of epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin and their composites were covered. Flame retardancy performance of different flame retardant/polymer systems was evaluated in terms of Flame Retardancy index (FRI) that was calculated based on the data extracted from the cone calorimeter test. Furthermore, lame retardant selection charts that relate between the flame retardancy level with mechanical properties in the aspects of tensile and lexural strength were presented. This review paper is also dedicated to providing the reader with a brief overview on the combustion mechanism of polymeric materials, their flammability behaviour and the commonly used flammability testing techniques and the mechanism of action of flame retardants.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Thermosensitive Gelling Rectal Systems
Thermosensitive gelling system is drug delivery system that becomes a gel at physiological temperature.  The transition sol-gel temperature (Tsol-gel) is below body temperature (<37◦C), making it possible to prepare liquid preparations, which gel back at body temperature. Thermosensitive gelling system could be used to rectal administration. Rectal drug delivery is an effective alternative to oral and parenteral treatments. This route allows for both local and systemic drug therapy. Traditional rectal dosage formulations have historically been used for localised treatments, including laxatives, hemorrhoid therapy and antipyretics. However, this form of drug dosage often feels alien and uncomfortable to a patient, encouraging refusal. Thermosensitive liquid suppositories are easier to administer to the anus as they remain liquid at lower temperatures. In addition, this rectal gel minimize the feeling of a foreign body compared with solid suppositories, does not cause any harm on mucosal layers and act as mucoadhesive to the rectal tissues preventing leakage after administration.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Thermoresponsive Polypeptoids
Thermoresponsive polypeptoids exhibiting a reversible phase transition in a controlled manner to temperature are a promising class of smart polymers that have drawn growing interest because of its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. The phase transition behavior of these polymers can be tuned by polymer architectures, chain-end, and various functional groups. 
  • 880
  • 29 Dec 2020
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