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Topic Review
Indigo for Non-Toxic and Ecological Gliding Surfaces
The biogenic substance E-indigo can form supramolecular, hydrophobic structures using self-organization. These structures show a low coefficient of friction as a gliding layer against polar surfaces. The formation of primary particles with platelet morphology based on hydrogen-bonded E-indigo molecules is ideal to produce the gliding layer. Structures with excellent gliding properties on ice, snow, and water can be achieved by means of directed friction and high pressure, as well as through tempering. The resulting hard, thin gliding layer of E-indigo does not easily absorb dirt and, thus, prevents a rapid increase in friction. Field tests on snow, with cross-country skis, have shown promising results in comparison to fluorinated and non-fluorinated waxes. Based on quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) data for E-indigo, and its isomers and tautomers, it has been demonstrated that both the application and abrasion of the thin indigo layers are harmless to health, and are ecologically benign and, therefore, sustainable.
  • 806
  • 21 Feb 2022
Topic Review
ZnO Photocatalysts for the Treatment of Wastewater
The presence of contaminants in wastewater, surface water, groundwater, and drinking water is a serious threat to human and environmental health. Their toxic effects and resistance towards conventional water treatment methods have compelled the scientific community to search for an environmentally friendly method that could efficiently degrade toxic contaminants. In this regard, visible light active photocatalysts have proved to be efficient in eliminating a wide variety of water toxins. A plethora of research activities have been carried out and significant amounts of funds are spent on the monitoring and removal of water contaminants, but relatively little attention has been paid to the degradation of persistent water pollutants. In this regard, nanoparticles of doped ZnO are preferred options owing to their low recombination rate and excellent photocatalytic and antimicrobial activity under irradiation of solar light. 
  • 2.6K
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Non-Sieving Mechanism
Non-sieving mechanism is a particle removal process in which particles smaller than the membrane pores are captured by adsorption at the pore surface. The non-sieving mechanism plays an important role for charged solute. There are three accepted non-sieving mechanisms: Donnan exclusion, dielectric exclusion, and hydration mechanism.
  • 2.2K
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Extraction Methods for Anthocyanins
Anthocyanins are considered high added-value compounds due to their sensory qualities, colors, and nutritional properties; they are considered bioactive ingredients. They are found in high concentrations in many by-products across the food industry. At present, expensive raw materials and production technologies make the extraction of natural anthocyanins relatively expensive.
  • 6.9K
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Design of Calcium-Binding Proteins to Sense Calcium
Ca2+ is the most ubiquitous signaling molecule in the human body, regulating numerous biological functions including heartbeat, muscle contraction, neural function, cell development, and cell proliferation. Calcium dynamics result from fluxes in Ca2+ concentrations that vary in amplitude and duration, between intracellular compartments and between the intracellular and extracellular space and intracellular organelles. Calcium controls numerous biological processes by interacting with different classes of calcium binding proteins (CaBP’s), with different affinities, metal selectivities, kinetics, and calcium dependent conformational changes.
  • 1.0K
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Different Schiff Bases
Schiff bases are a vast group of compounds characterized by the presence of a double bond linking carbon and nitrogen atoms, the versatility of which is generated in the many ways to combine a variety of alkyl or aryl substituents.
  • 953
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Geopolymer Concrete
Geopolymer concrete is a type of concrete that is made by reacting aluminate and silicate bearing materials with a caustic activator, such as fly ash or slag from iron and metal production. It can be a suitable substitute for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). 
  • 26.1K
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Caspase-1 Inhibition
The inflammatory protease caspase-1 is associated with the release of cytokines. An excessive number of cytokines (a “cytokine storm”) is a dangerous consequence of COVID-19 infection and has been indicated as being among the causes of death by COVID-19. The anti-inflammatory drug colchicine (which is reported in the literature to be a caspase-1 inhibitor) and the corticosteroid drugs, dexamethasone and methylprednisolone, are among the most effective active compounds for COVID-19 treatment.
  • 479
  • 18 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Development of Fencing Blade Materials
Using two fencing swords manufactured in Europe and China, we investigated the typical materials used for fencing blades and compared the experimental results with the nominal compositions of a variety of steels. By combining the requirements for the safety of athletes, mechanical behaviors of different steels, and production costs for industry, there is possible directions for the heat treatments and processing methods that have the potential to enhance performance and overcome the limitations of previous materials. 
  • 850
  • 17 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Bio-Based Materials，Antimicrobial Food Packaging
Antimicrobial packaging is a robust technology to provide fresher, safer, and higher quality food products, which concerns about foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. It is a form of active packaging (including oxygen scavengers, moisture absorbers, ultraviolet barriers, and other mechanisms delivering antioxidant, flavoring, or antimicrobial activity), and the packaging material interacts with the packaged food in a desirable way. Antimicrobial packaging stands out as an emerging technology that not only prolongs the shelf life of food products but also helps maintain their quality.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Feb 2022
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