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Topic Review
Flexible Pressure Sensor Arrays
Flexible pressure sensors that can maintain their pressure sensing ability with arbitrary deformation play an essential role in a wide range of applications, such as aerospace, prosthetics, robotics, healthcare, human–machine interfaces, and electronic skin. Flexible pressure sensor arrays can visualize touch actions, track motion trajectories, and map pressure distribution in real time with high pressure sensitivity and high resolution.
  • 600
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Photocatalyzed Production of Urea Using TiO2–Based Materials
Urea has been widely used in the agricultural industry as a fertilizer. It represents more than 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer market, and its global demand has increased more than 100 times in the last decades. In energy terms, urea has been considered a hydrogen–storage (6.71 wt.%) and ammonia–storage (56.7 wt.%) compound, giving it fuel potential. Urea properties meet the requirements of the US Department of Energy for hydrogen–storage substances, meanly because urea crystalizes, allowing storage and safe transportation. Conventional industrial urea synthesis is energy–intensive (3.2–5.5 GJ ton-1) since it requires high pressures and temperatures, so developing a photocatalyzed synthesis using TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) at ambient temperature and pressure is an attractive alternative to conventional synthesis. 
  • 533
  • 04 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Structure-Based Virtual Screening
Molecular docking plays a significant role in early-stage drug discovery, from structure-based virtual screening (VS) to hit-to-lead optimization. VS is a computational approach used to identify chemical structures that are predicted to have particular properties. In drug discovery, it involves computationally searching large libraries of chemical structures to identify those structures that are most likely to bind to a target protein.
  • 1.7K
  • 04 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Oxidative Stress and Human Ovarian Response
Oocyte quality is particularly sensitive to the metabolic endogenous and exogenous environment and a balanced signaling pathway between oxidant and antioxidant forces is fundamental for a proper follicular maturation. Women are born with a finite number of oocytes, and it is of key importance that the health of these oocytes is guaranteed throughout their reproductive life to ensure optimal ovulation, fertilization and subsequent embryonic development. The strategy by which the number and quality of oocytes can be preserved is the augmentation of systems capable of rapidly detecting and repairing DNA damage caused by a normal or abnormal metabolic status or by exposure to exogenous agents. Indeed, DNA damage repair is crucial for the integrity of the cellular genome and to its functionality. Noteworthily, for oocytes, it is essential to correct DNA damage in order to prevent the transmission of any genetic mutation to the offspring.
  • 432
  • 03 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Near- and Mird-Infrared Spectroscopy
Given the exquisite capability of direct, non-destructive label-free sensing of molecular transitions, IR spectroscopy has become a ubiquitous and versatile analytical tool. IR application scenarios range from industrial manufacturing processes, surveillance tasks and environmental monitoring to elaborate evaluation of (bio)medical samples. Given recent developments in associated fields, IR spectroscopic devices increasingly evolve into reliable and robust tools for quality control purposes, for rapid analysis within at-line, in-line or on-line processes, and even for bed-side monitoring of patient health indicators. 
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Scaffolds in Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering are tridimensional porous structures that imitate the extracellular heart matrix, with the ability to promote cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and proliferation. In the heart, there is an important requirement to provide scaffold cellular attachment, but scaffolds also need to permit mechanical contractility and electrical conductivity. For researchers working in cardiac tissue engineering, there is an important need to choose an adequate artificial scaffold biofabrication technique, as well as the ideal biocompatible biodegradable biomaterial for scaffold construction. Finally, there are many suitable options for researchers to obtain scaffolds that promote cell–electrical interactions and tissue repair, reaching the goal of cardiac tissue engineering. 
  • 783
  • 03 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Core-Shell Structure for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
With the deterioration of the ecological environment and the depletion of fossil energy, fuel cells, representing a new generation of clean energy, have received widespread attention. Noble metal-based core–shell catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions (ORRs) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The novel testing methods, performance evaluation parameters and research methods of ORR were briefly introduced. The effects of the preparation method, temperature, kinds of doping elements and the number of shell layers on the ORR performances of noble metal-based core–shell catalysts were highlighted. The difficulties of mass production and the high cost of noble metal-based core–shell nanostructured ORR catalysts were also summarized. Thus, in order to promote the commercialization of noble metal-based core–shell catalysts, research directions and prospects on the further development of high performance ORR catalysts with simple synthesis and low cost are presented.
  • 499
  • 03 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Multi-Functionalized Nanocarriers for Breast Cancer Therapy
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in women. This type of malignancy often starts from ductal hyper-proliferation with its expansion into benign tumors or metastatic carcinomas resulting from exposure to carcinogenic agents. This disease exhibits not only a great deal of heterogeneity but also a great deal of variation in its occurrence, treatment response, progression, and even location of metastasis. Multifunctional nanocarriers include polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS), liposomes, and mesoporous inorganic NPs. 
  • 340
  • 02 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Chemogenetics and Optogenetics under General Anesthesia
General anesthesia has been widely utilized since the 1840s, but its underlying neural circuits remain to be completely understood. Chemogenetics and Optogenetics, the two techniques artificially modulate the activity of specific neurons and neural circuits.
  • 568
  • 02 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Environmental Samples
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise a group of chemical compounds consisting of two or more fused benzene rings. PAHs exhibit hydrophobicity and low water solubility, while some of their members are toxic substances resistant to degradation. Due to their low levels in environmental matrices, a preconcentration step is usually required for their determination. Nowadays, there is a wide variety of sample preparation techniques, including micro-extraction techniques (e.g., solid-phase microextraction and liquid phase microextraction) and miniaturized extraction techniques (e.g., dispersive solid-phase extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, fabric phase sorptive extraction etc.). 
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Aug 2022
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