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Topic Review
Nanostructures GaAs Solar Cells
At present, the world is now passing a very far different time than normal situation due to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The global life-style and human civilization is currently progressing with down-stream that affecting almost every sectors necessary for human civilizations except the current environmental situation. To control the COVID-19 spreading, most of the countries are following lockdown process that reduces human mobility, thus reducing the CO2 emission to the environment. Though the COVID-19 pandemic is a blessing for the present environment, however, the post-COVID world will face a massive thrust of energy and only conventional energy resources may not be enough to mitigate the energy demands. Solar power generation technology mainly the photovoltaic (PV) systems and their advancement can be the leading possibilities to minimize the gap between the power demand and generation. It is now time to think how we can improve the PV power generation in future and the post-COVID world. In this encyclopaedia communication, we report on Nano-technological approach to improve the conversion efficiency of GaAs solar cells. We have designed and optimized several types of nano-structured assemblies that can be implemented to reduce the front surface incident light reflection losses thus can assist to improve the conversion efficiency of GaAs solar cells.
  • 976
  • 02 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Nanostructures for Breast Cancer Diagnosis
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly metastatic multifactorial disease with various histological and molecular subtypes. Due to recent advancements, the mortality rate in BC has improved over the past five decades. Detection and treatment of many cancers are now possible due to the application of nanomedicine in clinical practice. Nanomedicine products such as Doxil® and Abraxane® have already been extensively used for BC adjuvant therapy with favorable clinical outcomes. 
  • 628
  • 20 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Nanostructures Based on Cobalt Oxide
Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) is known to follow the spinel structure as (Co2+)[Co23+O4. The high spin Co2+occupies the interstitial sites of tetrahedral (8a) whereas low spin Co3+are known to occupy the interstitial sites of octahedral (16d) of the close-packed face-centered cubic lattice of CoO.Co2O3. The p-type conductivity of the material (CoO.Co2O3) is known to originate from the vacancies of Co in the crystal lattices or/and excess oxygen at interstitial sites.  Furthermore, 1D nanostructures of Co3O4  have been investigated over the past decades as an active material for chemical analytes detection owing to its superior catalytic effect together with its excellent stability.
  • 889
  • 06 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Nanostructured VO2 Materials and Modulation of Their Properties
The morphology of VO2 depends on synthesis methods, which are primarily categorized solution- and gas-phase-based synthesis methods. For example, sol-gel process and hydrothermal synthesis are representative solution-based chemical approaches, while pulsed laser deposition (PLD), sputtering method, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are gas- or vapor-phase synthesis techniques. In previous reports, various techniques for the fabrication of nanostructured VO2 materials have been described in detail.
  • 324
  • 04 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Nanostructured Surface Finishing and Coatings
Different nanostructured coatings and surface finishing, characterized by length range between 1 and 100 nm, may be deposited on the external area of a matrix to implement or enhance the materials efficiency for several applications.The use of polymers combined with nanomaterials or functional nanocarriers in drug-delivery systems finds their main application in the medical sector, in particular in cancer diagnostics and therapy and in traditional oral delivery systems. As a matter of fact, in wastewater treatment the simplest and most efficient methodology to modify the surface properties of filtering membranes, thus improving their retention and regeneration properties, involves the use of membrane coatings based on nanomaterials.
  • 608
  • 27 May 2021
Topic Review
Nanostructured Resistive-Based Vanadium Oxide Gas Sensors
Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) is a transition metal oxide with features such as high availability, good catalytic activity, unique electrical properties and high conductivity which are appropriate for gas sensing applications.
  • 354
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Nanostructured Mg-Based Hydrogen Storage Systems
As the most abundant element in the world, hydrogen is a promising energy carrier and has received continuously growing attention in the last couple of decades. At the very moment, hydrogen fuel is imagined as the part of a sustainable and eco-friendly energy system, the “hydrogen grand challenge”. Among the large number of storage solutions, solid-state hydrogen storage is considered to be the safest and most efficient route for on-board applications via fuel cell devices. Notwithstanding the various advantages, storing hydrogen in a lightweight and compact form still presents a barrier towards the wide-spread commercialization of hydrogen technology. In this review paper we summarize the latest findings on solid-state storage solutions of different non-equilibrium systems which have been synthesized by mechanical routes based on severe plastic deformation. Among these deformation techniques, high-pressure torsion is proved to be a proficient method due to the extremely high applied shear strain that develops in bulk nanocrystalline and amorphous materials.
  • 685
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Nanostructured Materials for VOC Sensing
Environmental pollution related to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has become a global issue which attracts intensive work towards their controlling and monitoring. To this direction various regulations and research towards VOCs detection have been laid down and conducted by many countries. Distinct devices are proposed to monitor the VOCs pollution. Among them, chemiresistor devices comprised of inorganic-semiconducting materials with diverse nanostructures are most attractive because they are cost-effective and eco-friendly. These diverse nanostructured materials-based devices are usually made up of nanoparticles, nanowires/rods, nanocrystals, nanotubes, nanocages, nanocubes, nanocomposites, etc. They can be employed in monitoring the VOCs present in the reliable sources.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Nanostructured Materials for Uranium Removal
Groundwater is commonly used as a drinking water resource all over the world. Therefore, groundwater contamination by toxic metals is an important issue of utmost concern for public health, and several technologies are applied for their effective removal, such as coagulation, ion exchange, adsorption, and membrane applications like reverse osmosis. Adsorption is acknowledged as a simple, effective and economic technology, which has received increased interest recently, despite certain limitations regarding operational applications. The respective scientific efforts have been specifically focused on the development and implementation of novel nano-structured adsorbent materials, which may offer extensive specific surface areas, much higher than the conventional adsorbents, and hence, are expected to present higher removal efficiencies of pollutants. In this paper, the recent developments of nanomaterial applications for uranium removal from groundwaters are critically reviewed. Particularly, the use of novel composite materials, based mainly on hybrid metallic oxide nanoparticles and on composites based on graphene oxide (GO) (i.e., graphene-based hybrids), showed promising evidences to achieve efficient removal of toxic metals from water sources, even in full scale applications.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 May 2020
Topic Review
Nanostructured Materials for COVID-19 Prevention
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised great concerns about human health globally. Prevention and vaccination are still the most efficient ways to slow down the pandemic and to treat SARS-CoV-2 in various aspects.
  • 469
  • 23 Dec 2022
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