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Topic Review
Organic Nanosized Materials for CRC
Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as one of the most prevalent types of cancers at the moment, being the second cause of cancer-related deaths. The CRC chemotherapy backbone is represented by 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, irinotecan, and their combinations, but their administration presents several serious disadvantages, such as poor bioavailability, lack of tumor specificity, and susceptibility to multidrug resistance. To address these limitations, nanomedicine has arisen as a powerful tool to improve current chemotherapy since nanosized carriers hold great promise in improving the stability and solubility of the drug payload and enhancing the active concentration of the drug that reaches the tumor tissue, increasing, therefore, the safety and efficacy of the treatment.
  • 423
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Organic Molecule-Based Probes for Arsenic Species
Arsenic (As), a non-metallic element located in group VA and period IV of the periodic table, is widely found in nature. Its average concentration in the Earth’s crust is approximately 2~5 mg/kg, which ranks as the 20th position of the elements forming the Earth’s crust. Trace amounts of arsenic can exist in soil, water, minerals, plants and normal human tissues. Arsenic presents in the forms of inorganic arsenic and organic arsenic, specifically As3+ and As5+. Arsenic is a toxic and carcinogenic element. Inorganic arsenic is more toxic than organic arsenic, and As3+ is around 60 times more toxic than As5+. Inorganic arsenic species mainly exist in the form of arsenate in water, such as H3AsO4, H3AsO3, H2AsO4−, H2AsO3−, AsO33− and AsO43−.
  • 367
  • 12 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Organic Fouling Influencing Factors in Membrane Separation Processes
Organic matter such as raw wastewater organic matter (WOM), effluent organic matter (EOM), and natural organic matter (NOM) can contribute to membrane fouling in membrane separation processes. These organic compounds can include proteins, lipids, amino acids, polysaccharides, colloidal particles, humic and folic acids, and other complex organic molecules. These compounds can accumulate on the membrane surface or inside pores, leading to fouling. The accumulation of organic matter on the membrane surface can also lead to the formation of a biofilm, which can further exacerbate fouling and reduce the efficiency of the membrane separation process.
  • 164
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Organic Electronics in Biosensing
The promising field of organic electronics has ushered in a new era of biosensing technology, thus offering a promising frontier for applications in both medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. 
  • 284
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Organic Electronic Devices and Assessment Parameters
Organic electronic devices have gained popularity because of their promising tunable electronic properties, flexibility, low-cost, versatile functionalization, and processability. Organic field effect transistors (OFETs) are not only the fundamental building blocks of flexible and large-area electronic devices but are also a useful tool for measuring charge-carrier mobilities of newly organic semiconductors.
  • 484
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Organic Coatings for Marine Applications
Organic coatings for marine applications must have great corrosion protection and antifouling performance. This review presents an overview of recent investigations into coating microstructure, corrosion protection performance, antifouling behavior, and evaluation methods, particularly the substrate effect and environmental influence on coating protectiveness, aiming to improve operational practice in the coating industry. 
  • 913
  • 21 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Organic Coating-Embedded Health Monitoring Technologies
In line with the recent industrial trends of hyperconnectivity, 5G technology deployment, the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industry 4.0, the ultimate goal of corrosion prevention is the invention of smart coatings that are able to assess their own condition, predict the onset of corrosion and alert users just before it happens. It is of particular interest to tackle corrosion that occurs in non-accessible areas where human inspectors or handheld devices are useless. To accomplish this, a variety of technologies that are embedded or could potentially be embedded into the coatings are being developed to monitor coating condition, which are based, for instance, on the evolution of electrochemical or mechanical properties over time. For these technologies to be fully embedded into the coatings and work remotely, solutions are needed for connectivity and power supply. A paradigm shift from routine prescheduled maintenance to condition-based preventive maintenance could then become a reality.
  • 474
  • 11 May 2022
Topic Review
Organic Binders in Archaeological Wall Paintings
Binding media are complex materials, employed to allow pigment grains to adhere to each other and to the surface of the support, through the formation of a coherent and homogeneous film. The function of the binder consists, therefore, in keeping the pigment particles firmly together and at the same time adhering them in the form of a coherent thin film to the surface of the support. The binder must obviously be in the fluid state, in order to form with the pigments a stable, homogeneous, stretchy, and viscous dough.   For the realization of wall paintings and, in later times, for their preservation, different materials with functions of binders, adhesives, paints, protective and consolidating were and are still necessary. There is a very large class of products which can have both constitutive functions but also a function of conservation and restoration. 
  • 1.7K
  • 21 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Organic and Polymeric Micro/Nanocarriers
Micro/nanocarriers are organic and polymeric materials that are structurally oriented to act like capsules in aqueous and organic media in order to protect, transport, and release cargo, among other applications. Liposomes are organic micro/nanocarriers based on phospholipids that form vesicles. In contrast, polymeric micro/nanocarriers are based on amphiphilic and backbone polymers that form micelles, polymersomes, and polymeric spheres. Micro/nanocarriers are usually produced via precipitation and emulsion techniques, using a hydrophobic/hydrophilic solvent mixture, an emulsifier or surfactant, and crosslinker agents acting as template-like reaction initiators to orientate the amphiphilic backbone polymers, forming their structure. Cargo is loaded either during the assembly process, by solubilizing the cargo in the hydrophobic or hydrophilic solvent, or after the carrier’s formation, by dispersing the carriers into a high-cargo-concentration solution, followed by further cargo diffusion through the carrier.
  • 442
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Organ-on-Chip
Organ-on-chip (OOC) devices are in vitro miniaturized multicellular systems with defined architectures that represent the new frontier in biomedical research to produce micro-organoids and tissues for drug testing and regenerative medicine. Although OOC devices can potentially improve the prediction capability of preclinical studies in comparison to in vitro tests and animal models, the successful transition from conventional 2D cell culture to human OOC implies the development of microfluidically supported 3D architectures to mimic the native extracellular matrix (ECM), to induce cell-ECM and multicellular interactions, as well as to modulate many cell functions including polarity, morphology, and motility. In this regard, cell-laden microgels (CLMs) represent a promising tool for 3D cell culturing and on-chip generation of micro-organs. 
  • 416
  • 08 Oct 2021
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