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Topic Review
Insights into Si-Si and Si-H Bond
During the last decades, the search for new methodologies for the synthesis of organosilicon compounds have increased due to the multiple applications in industry, in academy, among other areas. Silicon-hydrogen and silicon-silicon bond activation by d-block metals still represent the most important pathways for obtaining molecular entities that contain, witihin their structures, silane motifs. Although the chemistry of Si-H bond activation is under continue development, Si-Si bonds are poorly characterized and less used and thus, disilanes represent good starting precursors because of their stability towards ambient conditions. The present entry will focus on the physicochemical properties of Si-H and Si-Si bonds, some trends and finally highlighting their impact on the synthesis of metal complexes.
  • 5.2K
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Heteroaromatic Diazirines in Material and Medicinal Chemistry
In materials (polymer) science and medicinal chemistry, heteroaromatic derivatives play the role of the central skeleton in development of novel devices and discovery of new drugs. On the other hand, (3-trifluoromethyl)phenyldiazirine (TPD) is a crucial chemical method for understanding biological processes such as ligand–receptor, nucleic acid–protein, lipid–protein, and protein–protein interactions. In particular, use of TPD has increased in materials science to create novel electric and polymer devices with comparative ease and reduced costs. Therefore, a combination of heteroaromatics and (3-trifluoromethyl)diazirine is a promising option for creating better materials and elucidating the unknown mechanisms of action of bioactive heteroaromatic compounds.
  • 556
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
The Engineering of Graphene
For space applications, graphene is used mainly in combination with metals or polymers, giving rise to nanocomposites where the graphene insertion greatly influences the features of the host matrix. The engineering of graphene-based composites and the design of materials with the on-demand combination of tailored properties are therefore a primary goal of space-related technologies. The unusual combination of mechanical, electrical, electronic, optical, and thermal properties of graphene have led to a focus on great efforts in the set-up of techniques for the mass-production of graphene-like nanostructures that are able to offer solutions to a variety of technological problems.
  • 486
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Self-Healing of Polymeric Materials
The self-healing of damages that occur during the operation of the corresponding structures makes it possible to extend the service life of the latter, and in this case, the problem of saving non-renewable resources is simultaneously solved. Two strategies are considered: (a) creating reversible crosslinks in the thermoplastic and (b) introducing a healing agent into cracks. Bond exchange reactions in network polymers (a) proceed as a dissociative process, in which crosslinks are split into their constituent reactive fragments with subsequent regeneration, or as an associative process, the limiting stage of which is the interaction of the reactive end group and the crosslink.
  • 542
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Properties of Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers
Amphiphilic Janus dendrimers are arrangements containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic units, capable of forming ordered aggregates by intermolecular noncovalent interactions between the dendrimer units. Compared to conventional dendrimers, these molecular self-assemblies possess particular and effective attributes i.e., the presence of different terminal groups, essential to design new elaborated materials. 
  • 418
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Bioapplications of Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers
Amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (JDs) can be defined as dendritic macromolecules made of two dendrons with opposite polarities, which either differ from each other by their terminal groups, or their structures differ entirely. Amphiphilic JDs are named following a more or less general scheme that encompass in this order, the lipophilic dendrons, the core if exists, and the hydrophilic dendrons. The unique architectures of amphiphilic Janus dendrimers, with multifunctional terminal groups, different structures of branches in a single molecule (beside the capacity of self-assembly in aqueous media forming dendrimersomes, which in turn benefit from properties like predictable size and thickness, stability and biocompatibility), constitute premises for a wide range of biomedical applications where conventional dendrimers have failed.
  • 593
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Application of MXenes Material for Sensors
MXenes are a class of 2D early transition nitride, metal carbides, and carbonitrides that are created by the group that selectively etches IIIA/IVA elements from three-dimensional (3D) MAX -phases. MXenes, a rising star of 2D materials, are unique in that they combine the hydrophilicity of their terminating surfaces with the metallic conductivity of transition metal carbonitrides or carbides. Because of its unusual accordion-like structure and the functional groups that are added to the surface during their synthesis, MXenes have enticing electrical, optical, and magnetic properties that can be used for sensing, energy storage, and electromagnetic shielding.
  • 735
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Targeting Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways in Cancer
Plant secondary metabolites, known as phytochemicals, have gained much attention in light of the “circular economy”, to reutilize waste products deriving from agriculture and food industry. Phytochemicals are known for their onco-preventive and chemoprotective effects, among several other beneficial properties. Apple phytochemicals have been extensively studied for their effectiveness in a wide range of diseases, cancer included.
  • 360
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Self-Healing Concrete
The production of cement accounts for 5 to 7% of carbon dioxide emissions in the world, and its broad-scale use contributes to climate imbalance. As a solution, biotechnology enables the cultivation of bacteria and fungi for the synthesis of calcium carbonate as one of the main constituents of cement. Through biomineralization, which is the initial driving force for the synthesis of compounds compatible with concrete, and crystallization, these compounds can be delivered to cracks in concrete. Microencapsulation is a method that serves as a clock to determine when crystallization is needed, which is assisted by control factors such as pH and aeration. 
  • 443
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
CRISPR/Cas-Based Detection
Rapid, accurate, and portable on-site detection is critical in the face of public health emergencies. Infectious disease control and public health emergency policymaking can both be aided by effective and trustworthy point of care tests (POCT). A very promising POCT method appears to be the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated protein (CRISPR/Cas)-based molecular diagnosis. For on-site detection, CRISPR/Cas-based detection can be combined with multiple signal sensing methods and integrated into smart devices.
  • 376
  • 15 Feb 2023
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