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Topic Review
First-Line Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Drugs
Following the most recent guidelines of the European Association for the Study of Liver/European Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment research organization, liver cancer is the sixth most frequent cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Among the most frequently occurring forms of primary liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is responsible for more than 90% of the global health burden due to liver cancer. Males appear to be more susceptible to HCC than females. Hepatocellular carcinoma is most frequently reported in people with chronic liver disorders, such as cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or C infection or a genetic disorder (e.g., hemochromatosis). Additionally, HCC is more prevalent in those who use a considerable amount of alcohol and have a fatty liver. Generally, HCC treatment has been classified as curative or palliative. Curative procedures such as percutaneous ablation, liver transplantation, and resection all result in complete remission in many cases and are likely to enhance survival. While palliative treatments are not intended to cure, they can enhance response rates and even survival in some patients. When treating patients with liver cancer, it is common to use a combination of multidisciplinary approaches that take into account the patient’s specific condition, including the severity of their liver disease and overall health. Liver cancers are treated differently in different specialties and in different parts of the world. Additionally, most people with HCC have an incurable illness. Traditionally, these individuals have had few therapy choices because HCC displays resistance to currently available systemic treatments. 
  • 317
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Biomacromolecules for Wound Dressings
Biomacromolecules are particularly promising for the fabrication of novel, more effective antimicrobial wound dressings.
  • 350
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Extensive Use of Graphene in Detection of Viruses
Graphene and its derivatives offer considerable merits in biosensing applications for pathogenic virus detection.
  • 285
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Plasmonic Sensing with Molecular Imprinting Technology
Molecularly imprinted plasmonic nanosensors are robust devices capable of selective target interaction, and in some cases reaction catalysis. Recent advances in control of nanoscale structure have opened the door for development of a wide range of chemosensors for environmental monitoring. The soaring rate of environmental pollution through human activities and its negative impact on the ecosystem demands an urgent interest in developing rapid and efficient techniques that can easily be deployed for in-field assessment and environmental monitoring purposes. Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) play a significant role for agricultural use; however, they also present environmental threats to human health due to their chemical toxicity. Plasmonic sensors are thus vital analytical detection tools that have been explored for many environmental applications and OPP detection due to their excellent properties such as high sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid recognition capability. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have also significantly been recognized as a highly efficient, low-cost, and sensitive synthetic sensing technique that has been adopted for environmental monitoring of a wide array of environmental contaminants, specifically for very small molecule detection.
  • 342
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Food Peptides for the Nutricosmetic Industry
Biopeptides are considered interesting for industrial application since they show numerous functional properties (e.g., anti-aging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties) and technological properties (e.g., solubility, emulsifying, and foaming). Moreover, they have fewer side effects than synthetic drugs. Nevertheless, some challenges must be overcome before their administration via the oral route. The gastric, pancreatic, and small intestinal enzymes and acidic stomach conditions can affect their bioavailability and the levels that can reach the site of action. Some delivery systems have been studied to avoid these problems (e.g., microemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid particles). 
  • 792
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Biomass Precursor
Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) serve as the most promising next-generation commercial batteries besides lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Hard carbon (HC) from renewable biomass resources is the most commonly used anode material in SIBs. The biomass precursors have a highly oxygenated, crosslinked, and disordered structure, resulting in an irregular HC structure that cannot be graphitized and makes it difficult to build a standard model. A variety of biomass have been demonstrated to have the potential to become precursor materials for high-performance HC anodes. Compared to other HC precursors such as sugars and polymers, biomass precursors, with their wide range of sources, low cost, and environmental friendliness, are undoubtedly the most promising green HC precursor materials. Owing to the diversity of biomass, the selection of suitable and reliable biomass raw materials depending on geographical conditions is crucial to the manufacturing of HC. In some studies, biomass-derived HCs show promising electrochemical performance, but a safe supply of biomass is hard to achieve.
  • 502
  • 31 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Opportunities of Bio-Based Adhesives for Packaging Applications
Global economy depends on fossil resources, which provide raw materials for the production of a range of chemicals and materials for the manufacture of commercial products such as paper and packaging. Since there is growing environmental awareness and the need to reduce dependence on petroleum-based products, the attention has been paid to the possibilities of synthesizing polymeric materials from bio-based renewable resources. The paper and packaging segment dominates the market and is expected to grow further during the forecast period due to robust growth in demand for packaging materials from food and beverage manufacturers and e-retail companies. In the paper industry, biomass, such as wood and other species, is undergoing constant change due to countries' efforts to decarbonize, the rise of bio-based materials, and so on. The recent shortage of paper for various media, due to the shift from fiber to packaging applications, opens the space for alternative solutions. Recently, interest in the use of agricultural residues has increased. Environmentally friendly packaging, so called green packaging, based on biodegradable, recyclable or compostable materials, is currently attracting a great deal of attention in many disciplines because of its unique properties compared to traditional petrochemical-based plastics. Green packaging materials play an important role in preserving and protecting the product. To fulfil these benefits, the bio-based material for green packaging should be made from materials that enhance the biopolymer properties of the packaging material and meet the requirements of the global market. In addition, to ensure the recyclability or biodegradability of the above packaging, bio-based adhesives should be included in the packaging process. Lately, the adhesive production is still based on by-products of petroleum processing and with increasing concerns about environmental threats and sustainable development, the use of biomass and bio-based materials will play an important role.
  • 544
  • 30 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Micro/Nano Soft Film Sensors for Intelligent Plant Systems
Being abundant as natural intelligence, plants have attracted huge attention from researchers. Soft film sensors present a novel and promising approach to connect plants with artificial devices, helping researchers to investigate plants’ intelligence further. For micro/nano soft film sensors that can be used for establishing intelligent plant systems are summarized, including essential materials, fabrications, and application scenarios.
  • 543
  • 30 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Synthesis of m-Aryloxy Phenols
Innovative synthetic methods have been developed for the preparation of m-aryloxy phenols, which has allowed for the preparation of complex m-aryloxy phenols with functional groups, such as esters, nitriles, and halogens, that impart specific properties of these compounds.
  • 776
  • 30 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Nanofibers as Efficient Platforms in Biosensing Devices
Biosensors are analytical tools that can be used as simple, real-time, and effective devices in clinical diagnosis, food analysis, and environmental monitoring. Nanoscale functional materials possess unique properties such as a large surface-to-volume ratio, making them useful for biomedical diagnostic purposes. Nanoengineering has resulted in the increased use of nanoscale functional materials in biosensors. Various types of nanostructures i.e., 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D, have been intensively employed to enhance biosensor selectivity, limit of detection, sensitivity, and speed of response time to display results. In particular, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers have been extensively employed in electrochemical biosensors, which have become an interdisciplinary frontier between material science and viral disease detection. 
  • 353
  • 30 Mar 2023
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