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Topic Review
Ultrafine-Grained Stainless Steels after Severe Plastic Deformation
Both mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of various stainless steels can be optimized owing to grain refinement decreasing the grain size down to hundreds of nanometers. The ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructures can be obtained in ferritic and austenitic stainless steels by means of large strain deformation using severe plastic deformation (SPD) or conventional processing methods under conditions of cold to warm working. The UFG stainless steels are characterized by high strength. However, the strengthening by large strain deformation is accompanied by a substantial degradation of plasticity. Therefore, the UFG stainless steels are frequently subjected to recovery/recrystallization annealing to balance the strength and plasticity. The revealed relationships among a range of microstructural parameters open up a promising approach to clarify the mechanical behaviour of UFG stainless steels. Therefore, UFG stainless steels produced by large strain deformation have great potential for various applications as structural and functional materials.
  • 386
  • 10 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Papaverine and Its Mechanism of Action
Papaverine has been proven to be a high-value opioid alkaloid in the field of therapeutics either in solitude or in combination with other metabolites/molecules. Pharmacological research has revealed that papaverine demonstrates a variety of biological activities, including activity against erectile dysfunction, postoperative vasospasms, and pulmonary vasoconstriction, as well as antiviral, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, and gestational actions.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Components of Supercapacitors
The enormous demand for energy due to rapid technological developments pushes mankind to the limits in the exploration of high-performance energy devices. Among the two major energy storage devices (capacitors and batteries), electrochemical capacitors (known as ‘Supercapacitors’) play a crucial role in the storage and supply of conserved energy from various sustainable sources. The high power density and the ultra-high cyclic stability are the attractive characteristics of supercapacitors. However, the low energy density is a major downside of them, which is also responsible for the extensive research in this field to help the charge storage capabilities thrive to their limits. Discoveries of electrical double-layer formation, pseudocapacitive and intercalation-type (battery-type) behaviors drastically improved the electrochemical performances of supercapacitors. The introduction of nanostructured active materials (carbon-/metal-/redox-active-polymer/metal-organic/covalent-organic framework-based electrode materials), electrolytes (conventional aqueous and unconventional systems) with superior electrochemical stability and unprecedented device architectures further boosted their charge storage characteristics. 
  • 927
  • 07 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Electroluminescence Devices Based on Self-Healable Hydrogels
Self-healing generally refers to a process of recovery after failures caused by mechanical pressures. The lifetime of a conventional electroluminescence (EL) device is restricted due to the damage that occurs when mechanical strain exceeds the resistance limit. Therefore, developments of EL devices focus on developing electrode materials that can recover after stress, so that the lifetime and reliability of the EL device improve. Such device construction requires self-healable materials. Hydrogel-based materials are perfect candidates for this type of application.
  • 371
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Obstruction and Advancement in Achieving SDG in Bangladesh
For a developing country such as Bangladesh, renewable energy is immensely important for its entire development and advancement. Bangladesh has taken steps to increase the development capacity in the renewable energy sector and to fulfill the target of achieving one hundred percent electrification. 
  • 677
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Alginate-Based Hydrogels and Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications
Alginate is a natural polymer of marine origin and, due to its exceptional properties, has great importance as an essential component for the preparation of hydrogels and scaffolds for biomedical applications. The design of biologically interactive hydrogels and scaffolds with advanced, expected and required properties are one of the key issues for successful outcomes in the healing of injured tissues. This review paper presents the multifunctional biomedical applications of alginate-based hydrogels and scaffolds in selected areas, highlighting the key effect of alginate and its influence on the essential properties of the selected biomedical applications. 
  • 530
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Health Effects of European Elderberry and American Elderberry
Elderberry is highly reputed for its health-improving effects. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that the consumption of berries is linked to enhancing human health and preventing or delaying the onset of chronic medical conditions. Compared with other fruit, elderberry is a very rich source of anthocyanins (approximately 80% of the polyphenol content). These polyphenols are the principals that essentially contribute to the high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities and the health benefits of elderberry fruit extract. These health effects include attenuation of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory disorders, as well as anti-diabetic, anticancer, antiviral, and immuno-stimulatory effects.
  • 355
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Application of μPADs in Detection of Cancer Biomarkers
Microfluidics is very crucial in lab-on-a-chip systems for carrying out operations in a large-scale laboratory environment on a single chip. Microfluidic systems are miniaturized devices in which the fluid behavior and control can be manipulated on a small platform, with surface forces on the platform being greater than volumetric forces depending on the test method used. Paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs) have been developed to be used in point-of-care (POC) technologies. μPADs have numerous advantages, including ease of use, low cost, capillary action liquid transfer without the need for power, the ability to store reagents in active form in the fiber network, and the capability to perform multiple tests using various measurement techniques. These benefits are critical in the advancement of paper-based microfluidics in the fields of disease diagnosis, drug application, and environment and food safety. Cancer is one of the most critical diseases for early detection all around the world. Detecting cancer-specific biomarkers provides significant data for both early diagnosis and controlling the disease progression. μPADs for cancer biomarker detection hold great promise for improving cure rates, quality of life, and minimizing treatment costs. 
  • 266
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Euclidean Graphs as Curvilinear Feature Descriptors
Euclidean graphs are an ideal data structure for the functional description of line-shaped features in digital images such as cracks as they convey both geometrical and topological information about the object path in a compact and integrated format, enabling the development of autonomous, highly tuned algorithms for identification, selection, analysis, comparison and archiving of the identified objects.
  • 798
  • 06 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Full Cell Battery Metrics for LiNixMnyCozO2 Compositions
Among the current battery technologies, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are essential in shaping future energy landscapes in stationary storage and e-mobility. Among all components, choosing active cathode material (CAM) limits a cell’s available energy density (Wh kg−1), and the CAM selection becomes critical. Layered Lithium transition metal oxides, primarily, LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) (x + y + z = 1), represent a prominent class of cathode materials for LIBs due to their high energy density and capacity. The battery performance metrics of NMC cathodes vary according to the different ratios of transition metals in the CAM. NMC are very popular as transition metal oxide cathodes. The percentage of elements present in the composition can vary in physical and chemical properties. The entry gives you an on-shelf data for the full cell battery metrics of NMC cathodes with reported anodes, electrolytes and electrolyte additives.
  • 272
  • 06 Apr 2023
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