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Topic Review
Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS)
Greenhouse gas emission into the atmosphere is considered the main reason for the rise in Earth’s mean surface temperature. According to the Paris Agreement, to prevent the rise of the global average surface temperature beyond two degrees Celsius, global CO2 emissions must be cut substantially. While a transition to a net-zero emission scenario is envisioned by mid-century, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) will play a crucial role in mitigating ongoing greenhouse gas emissions. Injection of CO2 into geological formations is a major pathway to enable large-scale storage. 
  • 468
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Fundamentals of Rhenium-188 Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry
The β− emitter, rhenium-188 (188Re), has long been recognized as an attractive candidate for targeted cancer radionuclide therapy (TRNT). This transition metal shares chemical similarities with its congener element technetium, whose nuclear isomer technetium-99m (99mTc) is the current workhorse of diagnostic nuclear medicine. This pair of elements forms a characteristic matched pair for chemical and medical research and applications.
  • 443
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The Functionalization of Alkenes
The functionalization of alkenes is one of the most important conversions in synthetic chemistry to prepare numerous fine chemicals. Typical procedures, such as hydrosilylation and hydroformylation, are traditionally catalyzed using homogeneous noble metal complexes, while the highly reactive and stable heterogeneous single-atom catalysts (SACs) now provide alternative approaches to fulfill these conversions by combining the advantages of both homogeneous catalysts and heterogeneous nanoparticle catalysts. 
  • 476
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Degradation of Rubber and Plastics by Oxidative Metalloenzymes
Biomass wastes are produced daily by different sources, such as residues from forestry, agriculture, and food industry or animal, food, and municipal solid wastes. Bioconversion of this non-edible biomass using microorganisms emerged as a promising green strategy to valorize the non-starch polymers that not only plants but crustaceans as well use to support and protect themselves.
  • 421
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Application of Biomass Materials in Zinc−Ion Batteries
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), with large reserves of zinc metal and maturity of production, are a promising alternative to sustainable energy storage. Nevertheless, ZIBs also have many drawbacks, for instance, aqueous solution has poor frost resistance and is prone to side reactions. In addition, zinc dendrites also limit the performance of ZIBs. The deeper development and modification of ZIBs is crucial. Biomass, a green and sustainable resource with complex molecular structure and abundant functional groups, makes it have great application in ZIBs.
  • 420
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Fucoidan in Pharmaceutical Formulations
Fucoidan is a heterogeneous group of polysaccharides isolated from marine organisms, including brown algae and marine invertebrates. The physicochemical characteristics and potential bioactivities of fucoidan have attracted substantial interest in pharmaceutical industries. These polysaccharides are characterized by possessing sulfate ester groups that impart negatively charged surfaces, low/high molecular weight, and water solubility. In addition, various promising bioactivities have been reported, such as antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antiviral effects. Hence, the formulation of fucoidan has been investigated in diverse pharmaceutical dosage forms to be able to reach their site of action effectively. Moreover, they can act as carriers for various drugs in value-added drug delivery systems.
  • 666
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Superhydrophobic Titanium-Based Implants for Antibacterial Applications
Titanium and its alloys have been extensively used as implant materials in clinic settings. However, implant-associated bacterial infection or inflammation remains a primary cause of implantation failure, which threatens human health, and has already become a global issue. A superhydrophobic surface endowed with a water contact angle higher than 150° has attracted widespread attention in antibacterial applications for their self-cleaning and low-adhesion properties, which has emerged as an important path in preventing biofilm formation.
  • 425
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Microbubbles Based Drug Delivery Systems
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most selective endothelial barriers that protect the brain and maintains homeostasis in neural microenvironments. This barrier restricts the passage of molecules into the brain, except for gaseous or extremely small hydrophobic molecules. Thus, the BBB hinders the delivery of drugs with large molecular weights for the treatment of brain cancers. Various methods have been used to deliver drugs to the brain by circumventing the BBB; however, they have limitations such as drug diversity and low delivery efficiency. To overcome this challenge, microbubbles (MBs)-based drug delivery systems have garnered a lot of interest in recent years. MBs are widely used as contrast agents and are recently being researched as a vehicle for delivering drugs, proteins, and gene complexes. The MBs are 1–10 μm in size and consist of a gas core and an organic shell, which cause physical changes, such as bubble expansion, contraction, vibration, and collapse, in response to ultrasound.
  • 503
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Food/Agriculture
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have gained significant interest in the agricultural and food industry as a means of killing or reducing the activity of microorganisms. The antibacterial properties of ZnO-NPs may improve food quality, which has a direct impact on human health. ZnO-NPs are one of the most investigated inorganic nanoparticles and have been used in various related sectors, with the potential to rapidly gain attention and increase interest in the agriculture and food industries. 
  • 1.6K
  • 20 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Properties and Sample Applications of Different Carbon Nanomaterial
Carbon nanomaterials such as nanodiamond and nano-fullerene C60 are common examples of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials that are utilized in implantable brain interfaces. Carbon nanomaterials offer superior charge injection capabilities and high conductivity, enabling high-throughput electrode interfaces that can enhance signal recording quality and stimulation efficiency. In addition, the optical properties and chemical stability of carbon nanomaterials, along with their large surface area, make them ideal for surface charge modification and the incorporation of fluorescent tags, cell-specific targeting molecules, and disease-specific targeting molecules.
  • 339
  • 19 Apr 2023
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