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Topic Review
Ni Single-Atom Catalysts
Nickel is a well-known catalyst in hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions. It is currently used in industrial processes as a homogenous and heterogeneous catalyst. However, to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of catalytic processes, the development of single-atom catalysts (SACs) seems promising. Some SACs have already shown increased activity and stability as compared to nanoparticle catalysts.
  • 393
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Hybrid Nanostructured Materials as Energy Storage Devices
Hybrid nanostructured materials composed of transition metal oxides/hydroxides, metal chalcogenides, metal carbides, metal–organic frameworks, carbonaceous compounds and polymer-based porous materials have been used as electrodes for designing energy storage systems such as batteries, supercapacitors (SCs), and so on.  Available energy storage devices can be classified into various types; for example, based on storage duration, there are three types: short-, mid-, and long-term. Depending on their reaction time, they are considered to be either rapid or slow. According to their storage capacity, they can be classified as small-, medium-, or large-scale. There are many techniques for the storage of various types of energies, including electrical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal. Moreover, based on the precise needs and applications, storage technologies have different technical and economic criteria.
  • 578
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Energy Applications of Phosphorous- and Boron-Doped Graphene-Based Nanomaterials
Graphene is a monolayer of graphite with a carbon–carbon bond distance of 1.42 Å and sp2 bound atoms of carbon organise in a honeycomb-like hexagonal framework. Three ‘p’ and one ‘s’ orbital are present on each carbon atom in the graphitic lattice. The two p-orbitals (px, py) and the s-orbital, out of the three p-orbitals, are used to produce covalent bonds with nearby carbon atoms, whilst the pz orbital is employed to produce a filled π bonding molecular orbital and a vacant π* anti-bonding molecular orbital. The inclusion of heteroatoms with dissimilar electronegativity and size as compared to carbon atoms breaks the electroneutrality of the graphene and changes the graphene nanosheet’s voltage point at Dirac point from gate voltage having a value of zero to a negative or positive side. Thus, the insertion of dopants (e.g., boron (B), nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), halogens and sulfur (S)) into the graphene sheets considerably alters their properties such as charge transport, electron mobility, Fermi level, spin density, thermal and mechanical stability, etc., and widens its applications towards sensors, solar cells, oxygen reduction reactions, lithium-ion batteries, and supercapacitors, etc.
  • 313
  • 15 May 2023
Topic Review
Non-Helical Models of DNA Structure
In the history of molecular biology, non-helical or "side-by-side" models of DNA were proposed in the 1970s as a challenge to the standard double-helical model. The non-helical models attempted to solve problems relating to the topology of circular DNA chromosomes during replication. These theories were briefly considered seriously as a minority viewpoint, but they were later largely rejected due to X-ray crystallography of DNA duplexes and later the nucleosome core particle, as well as the discovery of topoisomerases, and these non-double-helical models are not currently accepted by the mainstream scientific community.
  • 1.0K
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Pesticides Removal Using Metal Oxide and Their Composites
Persistent organic chemicals (POPs) are highly hazardous to the ecosystem and living organisms. Their non-biodegradability allows them to accumulate easily in the food chain, affecting both humans and wildlife. Pesticides are one class of POPs with half-lives that can extend to years. They have been used abundantly to control the growth of the crops by exterminating pests including insects, fungi, and microorganisms in agricultural farms.
  • 642
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Dynamic Crosslinking Hydrogel Dressings
One of the most advanced, promising and commercially feasible research issues in the field of hydrogel dressings is to obtain functions to achieve improved therapeutic effects and even intelligent wound repair. In addition to the advantages of ordinary hydrogel dressings, functional hydrogel dressings can also adjust their chemical/physical properties to meet different wound types, respond accordingly, actively create a healing environment conducive to wound repair, and control drug release to provide lasting benefits.
  • 691
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Biopolymeric Carbon as Electrode and ILs as Electrolytes
Electrochemical capacitors (also called supercapacitors) are an important segment of the clean energy portfolio due to their high-power density and long cycle life. The energy storage mechanism in supercapacitors is based on the electric charge buildup by a charge–discharge process (electrosorption) at the electrode–electrolyte interface and/or redox reactions on the electroactive surface.
  • 303
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Copper-Based Diamond-like Thermoelectric Compounds
Copper-based diamond-like compounds (CBDL) compounds contain a large number of family members, which include ternary I–III–VI2 chalcopyrites, I3–V–VI4 stannites, I2–IV–VI3 stannites, quaternary I2–II–IV–VI4 compounds, and even large-cell Cu10B2C4D13 tetrahedrites and Cu26P2Q6S32 colusites.
  • 465
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Advantages and Disadvantages of Covalent Inhibitors
The formation of covalent bonds that target proteins can offer drugs diverse advantages in terms of target selectivity, drug resistance, and administration concentration. The most important factor for covalent inhibitors is the electrophile (warhead), which dictates selectivity, reactivity, and the type of protein binding (i.e., reversible or irreversible) and can be modified/optimized through rational designs. Furthermore, covalent inhibitors are becoming more and more common in proteolysis, targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for degrading proteins, including those that are currently considered to be ‘undruggable’.
  • 3.2K
  • 10 May 2023
Topic Review
Measuring Physical Properties of Electrospun Nanofiber Mats
Electrospun nanofiber mats are nowadays often used for biotechnological and biomedical applications, such as wound healing or tissue engineering. 
  • 314
  • 10 May 2023
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