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Topic Review
Carbon-Based Composites
Carbon-based composites are materials in which a primary component in the form of a carbon structure or structures (graphene, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbon, etc.) and usually an inorganic phase or phases are combined into one system. Such a material is expected to exhibit additive or synergetic interfacial effects resulting in enhanced properties, such as reactivity in catalytic or electrocatalytic reactions.
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Dec 2021
Topic Review
CMS Membranes for Olefin/Paraffin Separation
Carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membranes have been developed to replace or support energy-intensive cryogenic distillation for olefin/paraffin separation. Olefin and paraffin have similar molecular properties, but can be separated effectively by a CMS membrane with a rigid, slit-like pore structure. A variety of polymer precursors can give rise to different outcomes in terms of the structure and performance of CMS membranes.
  • 1.2K
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Chitosan Films Barrier improvement
Chitosan is produced commercialy by deacetylation of chitin (a molecule derivative from glucose, and the second most plentiful natural polysaccharide found on our planet after cellulose) and chitosan films have been studied for food preservation, since they are biocompatible, biodegradable, and bioactive. However, their performance, in terms of water and gases barrier properties, needs to be improved.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Functionally Graded Thermal Sprayed Coatings
       The manufactured industrial pieces have often the external surfaces being in contact with harsh environment. The turbine blades are submitted to hot gas, the implanted prostheses to body liquids, etc. The protection of these surfaces can be realized using films and coatings. The latters have an important function of rendering the life in service of industrial piece longer, belong however, generally, to another group of materials with very different properties than the piece itself. For example, ceramic coatings are applied frequently on metal and alloys and some intermediate layers should be added between substrate and top coating. This is the concept of "functionally graded coatings" reviewed for the technology of thermal spraying in present entry basing onto paper Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 5153; doi:10.3390/app10155153. The excerpt of this paper shows the chapters related to the applications of functionally graded coatings and their perspectives of development together with selected cited references.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Naphthoquinone and Anthraquinone
Naphthoquinone (NQ) and Anthraquinone (AQ) compounds have gained considerable interest from researchers in diverse pharmacological settings due to their biological activities, making them attractive building blocks for drug development. The literature contains many examples of NQ and AQ-based compounds, mainly derived from natural sources or synthetic, that also demonstrated promising properties against diverse AD targets. The NQ or AQ scaffolds may contribute to the biological effect against AD as main units or significant substructures. In particular, hybrid- and fragment-based drug design strategies allowed the identification of multifunctional NQ and AQ molecules, which displayed antioxidant activity and the ability to inhibit ChEs, BACE, Aβ and tau aggregation. 
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Types of Microneedle Arrays
Microneedle (MN) arrays are minimally-invasive devices that can penetrate the stratum corneum, one of the most important barriers for topically-applied drugs, thus creating a pathway for drug permeation to the dermal tissue below. MN arrays can be characterized as: (1) solid, (2) coated, (3) hollow and (4) dissolvable. They can be further categorized based on their mode of drug delivery, and the materials used for their manufacture. 
  • 1.2K
  • 05 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Natural Clinoptilolite
Zeolites are ionic conductors and the cation electrical mobility in zeolites depends on their hydration state; consequently, the water adsorption/desorption process can be simply investigated by measuring the temporal evolution of current intensity in samples exposed to an environment with constant humidity or dry air, respectively. According to this kinetic analysis, a mechanism has been formulated for the water adsorption process able to justify the Lagergren pseudo-first-order kinetics observed for adsorption and the first-order kinetics observed for desorption. In this mechanism water molecules are first attract by the electric field of the cations and then they move at cation-framework interface to maximize the hydrogen bond interactions.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Njangsa
The term Njangsa refers to an oily seeds tree, Ricinodendron heudelotii, found in tropical West Africa. It is also known as Munguella (Angola), Essessang (Cameroon), Bofeko (Zaire), Wama (Ghana), Okhuen (Nigeria), Kishongo (Uganda), Akpi (Côte d'Ivoire), Djansang, Essang, Ezezang and Njasang. Two varieties of the tree species are recognized R. heudelotii var. heudelotii in Ghana and R. heudelotii var. africanum in Nigeria and Westwards.
  • 1.2K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes are a quasi-one-dimensional nanomaterial having excellent compatibility with cementitious material. Recently several research carried out utilising different types of Carbon nanotubes (Single wall carbon nanotube, multiwall carbon nanotube, -COOH and -OH functionalised carbon nanotube etc.) to investigate its influences in terms of flowability, microstructure, mechanical, and durability properties. CNT is chemically inert material but addition of small doses of CNTs can significantly improve the mechanical and microstructural properties of concrete/cementitious composites. CNT act as nucleating agents and promote the higher growth of C-S-H. However, improvement of mechanical, microstructural  and durability properties depends on CNTs concentration, physical properties and type of CNTs. 
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors Materials
Since their development, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices have attracted much research attention due to their unique functional characteristics, which make them appropriate for the detection of chemical species. The scientific community has directed its efforts toward the development and integration of new materials as sensing elements in SAW sensor technology with a large area of applications.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Jun 2021
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