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Topic Review
Water Ionizer
A water ionizer (also known as an alkaline ionizer) is a home appliance which claims to raise the pH of drinking water by using electrolysis to separate the incoming water stream into acidic and alkaline components. The alkaline stream of the treated water is called alkaline water. Proponents claim that consumption of alkaline water results in a variety of health benefits, making it similar to the alternative health practice of alkaline diets. Such claims violate basic principles of chemistry and physiology. There is no medical evidence for any health benefits of alkaline water. Extensive scientific evidence has completely debunked these claims. The machines originally became popular in Japan and other East Asian countries before becoming available in the United States and Europe.
  • 1.6K
  • 07 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Water in Epoxy Coatings
The absorption of water strongly affects the exploitation characteristics of epoxy coatings and their lifecycles. The models used for describing water absorption to a polymer matrix involve many parameters that can adequately describe the process with parameter tuning. However, when using multiple variable parameters, the physical essence of absorption can be obscured. Hence, one of the promising directions in this field is the development of new models with fixed physically transparent parameters, which will adequately describe the water uptake process in epoxy resins.
  • 277
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Water Droplet Erosion
The term erosion is originally derived from the Latin word “rodere”, which means “to gnaw”, and used to indicate a form of materials wear (i.e. loss of material) that is caused by the impact of solid or liquid particles with sufficiently high speed. Liquid erosion can be divided into two types; cavitation erosion and liquid impingement erosion (LIE). The term Water droplet erosion (WDE) is commonly used to indicate liquid impingement erosion (LIE), where a progressive material loss is caused by the repetitive impact of high speed water droplets. WDE constitutes a major concern in many industries including aerospace and aviation, power generation industries particularly in gas turbines and steam turbines, nuclear power plants, and wind energy. Hence, WDE has become an important topic of research.
  • 3.3K
  • 23 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Waste Rubber Particles
One of the environmental problems causing concern in the world today is the black pollution caused by the accumulation of waste rubber resources. Rubber concrete can help solve the black pollution problem caused by waste rubber tires, but it is undeniable that rubber particles will reduce the mechanical properties of concrete. Research on waste rubber particles, particle size and properties are needed for the modification of rubberized concrete.
  • 980
  • 22 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Waste Plastics’ Liquefaction into Fuel Fraction
Polymers and plastics are crucial materials in many sectors of our economy, due to their numerous advantages. They also have some disadvantages, among the most important are problems with the recycling and disposal of used plastics. The recovery of waste plastics is increasing every year, but over 27% of plastics are landfilled. The rest is recycled, where, unfortunately, incineration is still the most common management method. From an economic perspective, waste management methods that lead to added-value products are most preferred—as in the case of material and chemical recycling. Since chemical recycling can be used for difficult wastes (poorly selected, contaminated), it seems to be the most effective way of managing these materials. Moreover, as a result this of kind of recycling, it is possible to obtain commercially valuable products, such as fractions for fuel composition and monomers for the reproduction of polymers. 
  • 641
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Waste Natural Polymers
 Waste natural polymers have received much attention as renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic and low-cost filler in polymer composites. In order to exploit the high potential for residual natural loading in latex composites, different types of surface modification techniques have been applied. This review discusses the preparation and characterization of the modified waste natural fillers for latex-based composites. The potency of the waste natural filler for the latex-based composites was explored with a focus on the mechanical, thermal, biodegradability and filler–latex interaction.
  • 535
  • 12 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Waste Derivatives in Drilling Fluids
The increased production of waste materials is a significant concern due to their effect on public health and the environment. Mismanagement of food waste, in particular, has become a major global issue, thus prompting the need for better solutions that use these materials in different applications. Among various applications, food waste can be considered to be a sustainable alternative for additives in drilling fluids used in the oil and gas drilling industry. Chemical additives to drilling fluids are necessary components to facilitate drilling operations by enhancing the fluids’ properties, including rheology and filtrate loss. Studies have demonstrated that waste-derived materials, including food waste, have the potential to provide an environmentally safe alternative to toxic conventional chemical additives used in water-based drilling fluids. 
  • 1.0K
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Washing Damage in E-Textiles
E-textiles, hybrid products that incorporate electronic functionality into textiles, often need to withstand washing procedures to ensure textile typical usability. Yet, the washability—which is essential for many e-textile applications like medical or sports due to hygiene requirements—is often still insufficient. The influence factors for washing damage in textile integrated electronics as well as common weak points are not extensively researched, which makes a targeted approach to improve washability in e-textiles difficult. 
  • 789
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Wall Materials of Peptide Microcapsules
Microencapsulation technology can improve the utilization rate of the active peptides. Microencapsulation technology is a kind of encapsulation technology based on nanocarriers. The microencapsulation of peptides refers to the selection of appropriate wall materials and the use of physical, chemical, or physicochemical methods to embed the active peptides, in order to give play to the advantages of isolating the interaction between the active peptide and the external environment.
  • 311
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Vortex Pinning Centers in High-Temperature Superconducting Films
To better pin the vortex at external magnetic fields, the HTS films must contain APCs with desired morphology, dimension, orientation, and concentration. Nanoscale APCs with lateral dimension approaching 2ξ (coherence length) on the order of a few nanometers in HTSs must be generated to suppress the dissipation of vortex motion. This has prompted extensive efforts and exciting results have been obtained in generating nanoscale APCs in HTS films. The research progress of different types and dimensions APCs in detail is introduced and the impact on superconducting performance is summarized.
  • 244
  • 23 Nov 2022
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