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Topic Review
Role of Barbed Sutures in Reconstructive Surgery
Surgical ligatures are a critical component of any surgical procedure since they are the device that provides immediate post-surgical tissue apposition. There have been several studies to improve the design and use of these wound closure devices for different surgical procedures. Yet, there is no standardized technique or device that can be used for any specific application. Over the last two decades, there has been an increased focus on the innovative surgical sutures known as knotless or barbed sutures, along with studies focusing on their advantages and disadvantages in clinical environments. Barbed sutures were invented to reduce the localized stress on the approximated tissues as well as facilitating the surgical technique and improving the clinical outcome for the patient. Barbed sutures can be used in several surgical situations, such as emergency room procedures, general and thoracic applications, urological surgery, orthopedic and hand applications, obstetric and gynecological procedures, hair restoration and in the majority of plastic, reconstructive and cosmetic applications.
  • 576
  • 11 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Tracing the Glycine from Quantum Chemical Simulations
Glycine (Gly), NH2CH2COOH, is the simplest amino acid. Although it has not been directly detected in the interstellar gas-phase medium, it has been identified in comets and meteorites, and its synthesis in these environments has been simulated in terrestrial laboratory experiments. Likewise, condensation of Gly to form peptides in scenarios resembling those present in a primordial Earth has been demonstrated experimentally. Thus, Gly is a paradigmatic system for biomolecular building blocks to investigate how they can be synthesized in astrophysical environments, transported and delivered by fragments of asteroids (meteorites, once they land on Earth) and comets (interplanetary dust particles that land on Earth) to the primitive Earth, and there react to form biopolymers as a step towards the emergence of life. 
  • 575
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Carbon Nanodots-Based Nano-Biosensors
Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) were a modern form of nanostructure that demonstrated excellent qualities for diagnosis and therapy. Controlling QDs size and distribution made it simple to adjust their electrical and optical characteristics. Yet, since certain semiconductor QDs include hazardous substances such as, cadmium, arsenic, selenium, and mercury, they have several disadvantages. One such disadvantage is cytotoxicity. As a result, these QDs are neither environmentally friendly nor biodegradable. On the other hand, since their inception in 2004, carbon nanodots (CNDs) have been recognized as a strong contender to replace the extremely dangerous metallic semiconductor class of quantum dots. This is partly because the characteristics of carbon quantum dots are widely acknowledged to include their nanoscale size, roughly flat or spherical morphologies, great water solubility, broad absorption in the UV-visible light spectrum, and vibrant fluorescence. CNDs have an amorphous or nanocrystalline center, mainly sp2 carbon, graphite grid spacing, and outside oxygenic functional groups, allowing for water solubility and subsequent complexation. 
  • 575
  • 06 May 2023
Topic Review
Selective Sensing of Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde (FA) is a colorless, flammable, foul-smelling chemical used in building materials and in the production of numerous household chemical goods. Herein, a fluorescent chemosensor for FA is designed and prepared using a selective organ-targeting probe containing naphthalimide as a fluorophore and hydrazine as a FA-binding site. The amine group of the hydrazine reacts with FA to form a double bond and this condensation reaction is accompanied by a shift in the absorption band of the probe from 438 nm to 443 nm upon the addition of FA. Further, the addition of FA is shown to enhance the emission band at 532 nm relative to the very weak fluorescent emission of the probe itself. Moreover, a high specificity is demonstrated towards FA over other competing analytes such as the calcium ion (Ca2+), magnesium ion (Mg2+), acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, glucose, glutathione, sodium sulfide (Na2S), sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the tert-butylhydroperoxide radical. A typical two-photon dye incorporated into the probe provides intense fluorescence upon excitation at 800 nm, thus demonstrating potential application as a two-photon fluorescent probe for FA sensing. 
  • 574
  • 25 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Helichrysum Genus in Management of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a very prevalent disease affecting both developed and developing countries. Concerted efforts by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) to reduce the spike in global diabetes cases and mortality have witnessed different advocacies over the past years. The IDF report shows that 463 million (9.3%) adults worldwide are suffering from diabetes, and this number is projected to increase by 51% in 2030 (578 million) and 2045 (700 million). The prevalence of diabetes varies according to geographical region, with more than 80% of diabetic patients living in low-to-middle-income countries, which poses additional challenges with ineffective treatment. Despite the success recorded from these synthetic drugs, the traditional method of treatment using medicinal plants is increasingly accepted by the locals due to its low cost and the perceived no side effects. Helichrysum species are used in folk medicine and are documented for the treatment of DM in different regions of the world. 
  • 574
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Graphene Oxide Action Mechanisms
Graphene oxide (GO), an oxidized form of graphene, is regarded to be more superior to graphene with regards to application in drug delivery due to the presence of functional groups that could allow the binding of different compounds, especially water-insoluble drugs. 
  • 574
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Advantages of 2D Materials and Cellulose in Biosensors
The use of 2D materials in biosensor applications provides several advantages, including excellent mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. These properties are essential for the development of wearable biosensors that enable real-time monitoring of human health information and accurate measurement of vital signs. Integrating 2D materials into wearable biosensors has expanded opportunities for early detection of life-threatening diseases and continuous health tracking. In addition to 2D materials, cellulose-based biosensors also offer significant benefits. They are cost-effective, highly sensitive, and compatible with portable sensing devices used in biomedical applications. One major advancement in this field is the functionalization of cellulose papers with antibodies, nucleic acids, and nanomaterials in PBBs (paper-based bioassays) and μPADs (microfluidic paper-slip devices). Hence, the application of 2D materials and cellulose in medical diagnostics and biosensors has shown great potential. These materials have unique properties that make them suitable for various applications, including disease detection, real-time monitoring, and point-of-care diagnostics.
  • 574
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Myeloid Malignancies
Myeloid malignancies present with a distinct metabolomic signature. Targeting metabolic pathways has become a potent therapeutic strategy for this group of disorders. The biological basis of this approach resides in the metabolic regulation of normal hematopoiesis and their alterations. 
  • 573
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Tribological Performance of Composites
One of the most widely used wastes is their utilization as fillers or reinforcements in the metal- or polymer-based composites. The reuse of wastes for the production of tribological materials gives not only environmental benefits related to the transformation of waste into raw materials but also may improve the mechanical and tribological properties of such materials. Moreover, the use of waste reduces the production costs resulting from the lower price of filler materials and longer service life of developed products. 
  • 573
  • 20 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Ferrofluids
Ferrofluids (FFs) are stable and quite homogeneous colloidal dispersions of ferromagnetic nanoparticles in a solvent referred to as the carrier.
  • 573
  • 26 May 2021
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