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Topic Review
Regenerative Medicine
The use of biological templates for the suitable growth of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) and “neo-tissue” construction has exponentially increased over the last years. The bioengineered scaffolds still have a prominent and biocompatible framework playing a role in tissue regeneration. In order to supply AD-MSCs, biomaterials, as the stem cell niche, are more often supplemented by or stimulate molecular signals that allow differentiation events into several strains, besides their secretion of cytokines and effects of immunomodulation. This systematic review aims to highlight the details of the integration of several types of biomaterials used in association with AD-MSCs, collecting notorious and basic data of in vitro and in vivo assays, taking into account the relevance of the interference of the cell lineage origin and handling cell line protocols for both the replacement and repairing of damaged tissues or organs in clinical application. Our group analyzed the quality and results of the 98 articles selected from PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 97% of the articles retrieved demonstrated the potential in clinical applications. The synthetic polymers were the most used biomaterials associated with AD-MSCs and almost half of the selected articles were applied on bone regeneration.
  • 626
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Advances in Printed Circuit Board Recycling
Toward improved printed circuit board recycling, recent development and research favours a strategy based on first dismantling WPCBs followed by efficiently sorting electronic components (ECs). This allows obtaining various fractions: (i) bare boards; (ii) solder; (iii) ECs sorted in elementally enriched subfractions. The goal is for each fraction, or subfraction, to have the simplest elemental composition possible, making them easier to reuse directly or recycle, and making it now possible to recover valuable metalssuch as Ti, GaBa, Ta, Nb, W, Lanthanides.
  • 626
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Biomimetic ECM-based 3D muscular scaffolds
Severe muscle injuries are a real clinical issue that still needs to be successfully addressed. Tissue engineering can represent a potential approach for this aim, but effective healing solutions have not been developed yet. In this regard, novel experimental protocols tailored to a biomimetic approach can thus be defined by properly systematizing the findings acquired so far in the biomaterials and scaffold manufacturing fields. In order to plan a more comprehensive strategy, the extracellular matrix (ECM), with its properties stimulating neomyogenesis and vascularization, should be considered as a valuable biomaterial to be used to fabricate the tissue-specific three-dimensional structure of interest. The skeletal muscle decellularized ECM can be processed and printed, e.g., by means of stereolithography, to prepare bioactive and biomimetic 3D scaffolds, including both biochemical and topographical features specifically oriented to skeletal muscle regenerative applications. This paper aims to focus on the skeletal muscle tissue engineering sector, suggesting a possible approach to develop instructive scaffolds for a guided healing process.
  • 625
  • 21 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Virus-Incorporated Biomimetic Nanocomposites
Owing to the astonishing properties of non-harmful viruses, tissue regeneration using virus-based biomimetic materials has been an emerging trend recently. The selective peptide expression and enrichment of the desired peptide on the surface, monodispersion, self-assembly, and ease of genetic and chemical modification properties have allowed viruses to take a long stride in biomedical applications. 
  • 625
  • 07 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Westinghouse Lamp Plant
Coordinates: 40°46′53″N 74°11′45″W / 40.78137°N 74.19592°W / 40.78137; -74.19592 The Westinghouse Lamp Plant located in Bloomfield, New Jersey, was one of the lamp manufacturing plants of Westinghouse Electric Corporation. The plant had a major involvement in supplying uranium metal for the world's first self-sustaining chain reaction in Chicago (Chicago Pile-1) in the early phase of the Manhattan Project to create the first atomic bomb.
  • 625
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Nanotechnology for Neurological Disorders after Long COVID Syndrome
Long-term neurological complications, persisting in patients who cannot fully recover several months after severe SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection, are referred to as neurological sequelae of the long COVID syndrome. Among the numerous clinical post-acute COVID-19 symptoms, neurological and psychiatric manifestations comprise prolonged fatigue, “brain fog”, memory deficits, headache, ageusia, anosmia, myalgias, cognitive impairments, anxiety, and depression lasting several months. Considering that neurons are highly vulnerable to inflammatory and oxidative stress damages following the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammation and oxidative stress have been suggested to dominate the pathophysiological mechanisms of the long COVID syndrome. It is emphasized that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress damages are crucial for the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Importantly, antioxidant therapies have the potential to slow down and prevent disease progression. However, many antioxidant compounds display low bioavailability, instability, and transport to targeted tissues, limiting their clinical applications. Various nanocarrier types, e.g., liposomes, cubosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, carbon-based nanostructures, nanoceria, and other inorganic nanoparticles, can be employed to enhance antioxidant bioavailability. Here, the potential of phytochemical antioxidants and other neuroprotective agents (curcumin, quercetin, vitamins C, E and D, melatonin, rosmarinic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and Ginkgo Biloba derivatives) in therapeutic strategies for neuroregeneration is highlighted. A particular focus is given to the beneficial role of nanoparticle-mediated drug-delivery systems in addressing the challenges of antioxidants for managing and preventing neurological disorders as factors of long COVID sequelae.  
  • 625
  • 14 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Mono and Hybrid Nanofluids' Preparation, Characterization and Stability
Nanofluids are colloidal mixtures of nanosized particles (10–100 nm) suspended in base fluids. They possess good physical or chemical properties and thermal or rheological properties. Hybrid nanofluids are suspensions of a mixture of dissimilar nanoparticles or nanocomposites infused in the conventional base fluid, which yield better thermal conductivity and heat transfer characteristics due to hybridization.
  • 625
  • 04 May 2023
Topic Review
Nanoparticle-Incorporated Gelatin Methacryloyl Nanocomposites
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based composites are evolving three-dimensional (3D) networking hydrophilic protein composite scaffolds with high water content. These protein composites have been devoted to biomedical applications due to their unique abilities, such as flexibility, soft structure, versatility, stimuli-responsiveness, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and others.
  • 624
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Pressure-Induced Polymerization
Under pressure of 1–100 GPa, unsaturated organic molecules tend to form covalent bond to each other for a negative enthalpy change, which often produces polymeric materials with extended carbon skeleton. The polymerization reactions typically happen in crystal, which promotes the topochemical process. 
  • 623
  • 10 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Macroalgae Specialized Metabolites with Anti-Inflammatory Activity
The seaweeds or macroalgae belong to the basic tropic level in the marine water ecosystem and are responsible, with microalgae, for the balance of the abiotic and biotic factors of marine life. Seaweeds represent a valuable resource of bioactive compounds associated with anti-inflammatory effects and offer great potential for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
  • 623
  • 05 Jan 2023
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