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Topic Review
Therapeutic Effects of Ions in the Physiological Environments
Studies have shown that metallic ions like Ag+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Ca2+, P+5, etc., have shown promising results in drug delivery systems and regenerative medicine. These metallic ions can be loaded in nanoparticles, mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs), hydroxyapatite (HA), calcium phosphates, polymeric coatings, and salt solutions. The metallic ions can exhibit different functions in the physiological environment such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, bioactive, biocompatible, and angiogenic effects. Furthermore, the metals/metalloid ions can be loaded into scaffolds to improve osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, bone development, fibroblast growth, and improved wound healing efficacy. Moreover, different ions possess different therapeutic limits.
  • 666
  • 06 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Dehydrogenases involved in Reduction of CO2 to CH3OH
The three dehydrogenase enzymes involved in the CO2 to methanol conversion are: Formate dehydrogenase, Formaldehyde dehydrogenase and Alcohol dehydrogenase.
  • 666
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Chromatographic-Based Platforms
Chromatography, which means to show with colors, is certainly among the most important analytical procedures supporting science and human development in the last century. Chromatography is present in the most diverse fields of human activity, spanning from science to the pharmaceutical, chemical, and food industries and the areas of health and the environment. According to the IUPAC definition, chromatography is a physical method of separation in which the components to be separated are distributed between two phases, one of which is stationary (stationary phase) while the other (the mobile phase) moves in a definite direction. In scientific terms, chromatography is not one, but several related techniques able to separate mixtures and it is so powerful that it can be used to separate proteins differing in a single amino acid, compounds differing only in the spatial orientation of a functional group or a volatile compound in a mixture.
  • 666
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Albumin Nanovectors
Albumin nanovectors represent one of the most promising carriers recently generated because of the cost-effectiveness of their fabrication, biocompatibility, safety, and versatility in delivering hydrophilic and hydrophobic therapeutics and diagnostic agents.
  • 665
  • 06 Feb 2021
Topic Review
SPR and LSPR-based virus sensors
SPR and LSPR-based virus sensors amplify the signal response of samples at extremely low concentrations, which is otherwise difficult to read and analyze using conventional methods. Commercially available virus detection systems, except PCR, are easy to use and can process multiple samples but have considerable sensitivity limitations, resulting in false negatives. The detection methods based on SPR and LSPR require only virus capturing at the sensor site, rendering the methods simple and highly sensitive.
  • 665
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Stimuli-Responsive Zinc (II) Coordination Polymers
The unique role of the zinc (II) cation prompted us to cut a cross-section of the large and complex topic of the stimuli-responsive coordination polymers (CPs). Due to its flexible coordination environment and geometries, easiness of coordination–decoordination equilibria, “optically innocent” ability to “clip” the ligands in emissive architectures, non-toxicity and sustainability, the zinc (II) cation is a good candidate for building supramolecular smart tools. 
  • 665
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Photoresponsive Metal-Organic Frameworks
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a type of crystalline porous material having organic ligands connected to metal clusters. This type of material shows a terrific design adaptability due to the almost unlimited combinations of metallic salts and organic ligands. Several scientists have been attracted by this important part of reticular chemistry, probably due to the fact that the researcher’s inventiveness is the only limitation in this research field. Thus, different research groups have greatly contributed to the exponential growth of this area, using these materials in a diverse range of applications, including catalysis, water harvesting, biomedicine and sensing. The easy and remote switching of light makes this stimulus an ideal candidate for a large number of applications, among which the preparation of photoresponsive materials stands out. The interest of several scientists in this area in order to achieve improved functionalities has increased parallel to the growth of the structural complexity of these materials. Thus, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) turned out to be ideal scaffolds for light-responsive ligands.
  • 665
  • 06 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Charge-Compensated Derivatives of Nido-Carborane
Compared with organic analogs, onium derivatives of nido-carborane have increased stability due to the stabilizing electron-donor action of the boron cage. Charge-compensated derivatives are considered according to the type of heteroatom bonded to a boron atom.
  • 665
  • 07 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Nucleation of Diamond
Nucleation is a key process for the growth of diamond films. Spontaneously nucleation on heterogeneous substrates is difficult. This is mainly because the high surface energy of diamond. Rapid nucleation (a few minutes commonly) is a necessary condition for the deposition of high-quality diamond films. The characteristics of the substrate, such as surface defects, surface energy, surface diffusion and bulk diffusion of atoms, and chemical reactivity, affect the diamond nucleation process. Especially, a gallium nitride (GaN) substrate, which has a large lattice mismatch and thermal expansion mismatch with diamond, puts forward some difficult requirements for diamond nucleation. The temperature of the substrate also affects the diamond nucleation process. Considering the quality and rate of diamond nucleation and the thermal stability of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs), researchers regard ~600 °C as a more suitable nucleation temperature. 
  • 665
  • 03 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Antioxidants in Knee Osteoarthritis
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic multifactorial pathology and a current and essential challenge for public health, with a negative impact on the geriatric patient’s quality of life.
  • 664
  • 14 Jul 2021
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