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Topic Review
Colon Carcinomas
Colon carcinomas themselves comprise over two-thirds of all colorectal cancers with an overall 5-year survival rate of 64%, which rapidly decreases to 14% when the cancer becomes metastatic. Depending on the stage of colon carcinoma at diagnosis, patients can undergo surgery to attempt complete tumor resection or move directly to chemotherapy with one or a combination of drugs. As with most cancers, colon carcinomas do not always respond to chemotherapies, so targeted therapies and immunotherapies have been developed to aid chemotherapy. We report the development of a local combination therapy for colon carcinoma whereby chemo- and immuno-therapeutic entities are delivered intratumorally to maximize efficacy and minimize off-target side effects. A hydrophobic chemotherapeutic agent, docetaxel (DTX), and cholesterol-modified Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist CpG (cho-CpG) oligonucleotide are co-loaded in synthetic HDL (sHDL) nanodiscs. In vivo survival analysis of MC-38 tumor-bearing mice treated intratumorally with DTX-sHDL/CpG (median survival; MS = 43 days) showed significant improvement in overall survival compared to mice treated with single agents, free DTX (MS = 23 days, p <0.0001) or DTX-sHDL (MS = 28 days, p<0.0001). Two of seven mice treated with DTX-sHDL/CpG experienced complete tumor regression. None of the mice experienced any systemic toxicity as indicated by body weight maintenance and normal serum enzyme and protein levels. In summary, we have demonstrated that chemo- and immuno-therapies can be co-loaded into sHDLs, delivered locally to the tumor, and can be used to improve survival outcomes significantly compared to chemotherapy alone.
  • 698
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
PAMAM-calix-dendrimers
A convenient method for the synthesis of the first generation PAMAM dendrimers based on the thiacalix[4]arene has been developed for the first time. Three new PAMAM-calix-dendrimers with the macrocyclic core in cone, partial cone, and 1,3-alternate conformations were obtained with high yields.
  • 698
  • 11 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Appications of Natural Clinoptilolites Based on Ion Exchange
There are many natural zeolites, of which a small number, including clinoptilolite, chabazite, mordenite, erionite, ferrierite, and phillipsite offer the greatest promise for industrial applications. Natural clinoptilolites have been the subject for different modifications in order to improve their use potentialities, where the ion exchange property has been a key role for their different applications. Application of ion exchange to modify clinoptilolites, cation selection, mono- and polycationic exchange to create new functional materials for specific applications are key issues.
  • 698
  • 03 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Cyclo- and Polyphosphazenes for Biomedical Applications
Cyclic and polyphosphazenes are extremely interesting and versatile substrates characterized by the presence of -P=N- repeating units. The chlorine atoms on the P atoms in the starting materials can be easily substituted with a variety of organic substituents, thus giving rise to a huge number of new materials for industrial applications. A wide variety of new phosphazene systems, either trimeric or polymeric, have been developed as biomaterials in view of different applications. The materials to apply in biomedical applications should be biocompatible.
  • 698
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Carbazoles Treatment for COVID-19 Infection
Several treatment approaches for COVID-19 were employed since the beginning of the pandemic, such as immunomodulatory, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial agents, and again corticosteroids, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and bradykinin B2 receptor antagonists, but many of them were proven ineffective in targeting the virus. So, the identification of drugs to be used effectively for treatment of COVID-19 is strongly needed. Carbazoles represent an interesting class of heterocycles known by their anticancer activity: antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiepileptic, antihistamine, antiviral. In addition, numerous carbazole derivatives have also been found to be useful for Alzheimer’s disease. 
  • 698
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Biological Activity of Flavones, Flavonols, and Aurones
Flavonoids are a widely distributed group of natural polyphenolic compounds that are found in plants usually in glycosylated form and have been shown to possess a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer properties, making them an attractive target for synthesis and further research.
  • 698
  • 12 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks for CO2 Capture
The requirement to counter carbon emissions is becoming urgent. Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) have been extensively investigated for storing and separating gases, especially carbon dioxide. ZIFs are the subclass of metal-organic frameworks with analogous topology to inorganic porous zeolites. These are attractive candidates for several applications, including storage and separation of gases, due to their outstanding properties such as high CO2 uptake, large surface area, permanent porosity, high thermal stability, high chemical stability, etc.
  • 697
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
List of Adrenergic Drugs
This is a list of adrenergic drugs. These are pharmaceutical drugs, naturally occurring compounds and other chemicals that influence the function of the neurotransmitter epinephrine (adrenaline).
  • 697
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Iron–Gold Hybrid Nanoparticles
The overview of the properties of bifunctional iron-gold nanoparticles, such as their structure, methods of syntheses and their desired applications in the biomedical field.
  • 697
  • 01 Jan 2022
Topic Review
High-Pressure Mechanistic, Bioinorganic NO Chemistry
Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-living free radical, and, in contrast to many signaling agents (e.g., various peptides), which rely on receptors where structural relationships determine their function, the chemistry of NO determines its biological roles. There are two distinct reaction types—direct and indirect—which depend on the NO concentration, reactive species formed and reaction kinetics. The direct effects involve interactions of NO itself with biological targets such as redox metal centers, redox-active amino acids, or other radical species.
  • 696
  • 08 Nov 2021
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