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Topic Review
Biomimetic ECM-based 3D muscular scaffolds
Severe muscle injuries are a real clinical issue that still needs to be successfully addressed. Tissue engineering can represent a potential approach for this aim, but effective healing solutions have not been developed yet. In this regard, novel experimental protocols tailored to a biomimetic approach can thus be defined by properly systematizing the findings acquired so far in the biomaterials and scaffold manufacturing fields. In order to plan a more comprehensive strategy, the extracellular matrix (ECM), with its properties stimulating neomyogenesis and vascularization, should be considered as a valuable biomaterial to be used to fabricate the tissue-specific three-dimensional structure of interest. The skeletal muscle decellularized ECM can be processed and printed, e.g., by means of stereolithography, to prepare bioactive and biomimetic 3D scaffolds, including both biochemical and topographical features specifically oriented to skeletal muscle regenerative applications. This paper aims to focus on the skeletal muscle tissue engineering sector, suggesting a possible approach to develop instructive scaffolds for a guided healing process.
  • 551
  • 21 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Biomimetic Mineralization for Enamel and Dentin
The tooth, including enamel and dentin, is a prominent biomineral that is produced by the biomineralization of living organisms. In clinical dentistry, traditional remineralization is achieved by using fluoride to enhance the deposition of calcium phosphate on the enamel surface, which is called an acid-resistant layer of fluorapatite. Despite this method having been successful in hardening enamel, the structure of this mineral layer is disordered and loose, and distinct from the natural enamel. Inspired by the process of natural enamel formation, strategies of biomimetic remineralization have been proposed and developed for several decades. These strategies include simulating in-body mineralization conditions, such as the enamel disks immersed in simulated body fluid, to mimic the function of the proteins involved in the biomineralization of the tooth, and constructing a mineralization front similar to that observed during the formation of calcified tissue. These methods allow the regrowth of HAP crystals on the enamel surface in an attempt to replicate the complex structure of the tooth and restore its mechanical properties.
  • 293
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Biomimetic Nanocarrier-Based Photothermal Therapy for Cancer Treatment
Nanomedicine presents innovative solutions for cancer treatment, including photothermal therapy (PTT). PTT centers on the design of photoactivatable nanoparticles capable of absorbing non-toxic near-infrared light, generating heat within target cells to induce cell death. The successful transition from benchside to bedside application of PTT critically depends on the core properties of nanoparticles responsible for converting light into heat and the surface properties for precise cell-specific targeting. Precisely targeting the intended cells remains a primary challenge in PTT.
  • 227
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Biomimetic Nanomaterials
Biomimetic nanomaterials (BNMs) are functional materials containing nanoscale components and having structural and technological similarities to natural (biogenic) prototypes. Despite the fact that biomimetic approaches in materials technology have been used since the second half of the 20th century, BNMs are still at the forefront of materials science. “Biomimetics” is a concept introduced in 1957 by Otto Schmitt that, generally, means the imitation of structures, characteristics, models, and compositions of natural objects to solve various problems. The word “biomimetic” comes from the Greek word “bios” (life) and the suffix “mimetic” (mimicry). This concept also includes approaches and processes mimicking biological or natural ones such as, for example, the synthesis of nanomaterials or nanostructures that reproduce the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of natural (biogenic) materials at the nano- or macroscale. Similar to the formation of biogenic materials, the technology of biomimetic materials includes the processes of self-assembly and interfacial molecular recognition. Other important directions of development for such materials are biopolymers and biocomposites, which are receiving immense consideration in biomedical and other fields.
  • 527
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Biomimetic Smart Materials
Biomimicry, rooted in emulating nature’s sophisticated solutions, serves as the foundational framework for developing materials endowed with remarkable characteristics, including adaptability, responsiveness, and self-transformation. These advanced engineered biomimetic materials, featuring attributes such as shape memory and self-healing properties, undergo rigorous synthesis and characterization procedures, with the overarching goal of seamless integration into the field of additive manufacturing. The resulting synergy between advanced manufacturing techniques and nature-inspired materials promises to revolutionize the production of objects capable of dynamic responses to environmental stimuli. Extending beyond the confines of laboratory experimentation, these self-transforming objects hold significant potential across diverse industries, showcasing innovative applications with profound implications for object design and fabrication. Through the reduction of waste generation, minimization of energy consumption, and the reduction of environmental footprint, the integration of biomaterials, biopolymers, and additive manufacturing signifies a pivotal step towards fostering ecologically conscious design and manufacturing practices. Within this context, inanimate three-dimensional objects will possess the ability to transcend their static nature and emerge as dynamic entities capable of evolution, self-repair, and adaptive responses in harmony with their surroundings. The confluence of biomimicry and additive manufacturing techniques establishes a seminal precedent for a profound reconfiguration of contemporary approaches to design, manufacturing, and ecological stewardship, thereby decisively shaping a more resilient and innovative global milieu.
  • 300
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Biomimetic Zirconia
Bio-inspired or biomimetic design of biomaterials presents new possibilities for developing implantable devices with enhanced biocompatibility and novel functions.
  • 456
  • 13 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Biomolecule Delivery in Neuroregeneration Strategies
Neurodegenerative disorders have sophisticated etiology and represent a serious challenge for society. Among the various risk factors, oxidative stress and chronic neuroinflammation (which can be due to viral infection or other causes) are involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Enabling challenging applications of nanomedicine and precision medicine in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders requires deeper investigations of nanocarrier-mediated biomolecular delivery for neuronal targeting and recovery. Researchers place emphasis on nanoformulations for the delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) using different types of lipidic nanocarriers (liposomes, liquid crystalline or solid lipid nanoparticles), hydrogels, and scaffolds. 
  • 396
  • 25 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Bioplastic of Polyhydroxyalkanoates and Vegetal-Fibers as Biopackaging Alternatives
This is an overview of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)–vegetal fiber composites, the effects of the fiber type, and the production method's impact on the mechanical, thermal, barrier properties, and biodegradability, all relevant for biopackaging. To acknowledge the behaviors and trends of the biomaterials reinforcement field, the researchers searched for granted patents focusing on bio-packaging applications and gained insight into current industry developments and contributions.
  • 841
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Bioplastics
Bioplastics are one of the possible alternative solutions to the polymers of petrochemical origins. Bioplastics have several advantages over traditional plastics in terms of low carbon footprint, energy efficiency, biodegradability and versatility.
  • 650
  • 27 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Bioplastics in the Circular Economy
The European Union is working towards the 2050 net-zero emissions goal and tackling the ever-growing environmental and sustainability crisis by implementing the European Green Deal. The shift towards a more sustainable society is intertwined with the production, use, and disposal of plastic in the European economy. Emissions generated by plastic production, plastic waste, littering and leakage in nature, insufficient recycling, are some of the issues addressed by the European Commission. Adoption of bioplastics–plastics that are biodegradable, bio-based, or both–is under assessment as one way to decouple society from the use of fossil resources, and to mitigate specific environmental risks related to plastic waste. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Jun 2021
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