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Topic Review
Preparation and Properties of Magnesium Phosphate Cements
In the search for effective biomaterials for bone repair, magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) are gaining importance as bone void fillers thanks to their many attractive features that overcome some of the limitations of the well-investigated calcium-phosphate-based cements. 
  • 440
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Optical Sensing Applications of Metal Nanoparticles
Plasmonics deals with the free electron vibrations in metal nanostructures, and the interaction of such vibrations with atoms and molecules to create optical nanodevices. A surface plasmon is a collective oscillation of free electrons on the metal surface when the real part of the metal dielectric constant is negative. If the electromagnetic wave is coupled to collective electron oscillations, a surface plasmon wave is induced and propagates along the metal surface, and the electric field in the normal direction to the metal surface is nonradiative and strongly localized at the metal surface. An important phenomenon in plasmonics is the strong spatial localization of electron oscillations at a plasmon resonance frequency. This strong localization leads to a huge increase in the local electric and magnetic fields. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is the collective oscillation of free electrons like that of surface plasmon resonance (SPR). 
  • 329
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Methodology of Ice-Templated Method
The ice-templated method (ITM) has drawn significant attention to the improvement of the electrochemical properties of various materials. The ITM approach is relatively straightforward and can produce hierarchically porous structures that exhibit superior performance in mass transfer, and the unique morphology has been shown to significantly enhance electrochemical performance, making it a promising method for energy storage and conversion applications.
  • 306
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Carbonization Reactions in Biomass Pyrolysis Processes
Biochar is a carbon-rich solid produced during the thermochemical processes of various biomass feedstocks. Biomass pyrolysis is one of the most common processes to produce biochar.
  • 268
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Pectin in Semi-Solid and Fluid Foods
Pectin is a versatile polysaccharide produced mainly from natural food sources and agro-industrial wastes, adding value to these by-products. For food applications, it is necessary that pectin first interacts with water for technical purposes. As a food additive, pectin acts as a solution thickener and gelling agent for food formulation, even in concentrations of less than 1 (g/100 mL or g/100 g), and it is sufficient to influence food products’ stability, rheology, texture, and sensory properties.
  • 318
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Bio-Based Binder Development for Anodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries
The development of rechargeable lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology has facilitated the shift toward electric vehicles and grid storage solutions. This technology is currently undergoing significant development to meet industrial applications for portable electronics and provide our society with “greener” electricity. The large increase in LIB production following the growing demand from the automotive sector has led to the establishment of gigafactories worldwide, thus increasing the substantial consumption of fossil-based and non-sustainable materials, such as polyvinylidene fluoride and/or styrene-butadiene rubber as binders in cathode and anode formulations. Furthermore, the use of raw resources, such as Li, Ni, and Mn in cathode active materials and graphite and nanosilicon in anodes, necessitates further efforts to enhance battery efficiency. To foster a global sustainable transition in LIB manufacturing and reduce reliance on non-sustainable materials, the implementation of bio-based binder solutions for electrodes in LIBs is crucial.
  • 398
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Advancements in Natural Dyes Extraction
The dyeing and finishing step represents a clear hotspot in the textile supply chain as the wet processing stages require significant amounts of water, energy, and chemicals. In order to tackle environmental issues, natural dyes are gaining attention from researchers as more sustainable alternatives to synthetic ones. The extraction of colorant from natural sources is a fundamental step in preparing purified natural dyes, as a plant’s matrix contains only a small percentage of dye, usually in the range of 0.5–5%, and several other constituents such as water-insoluble fibers, carbohydrates, protein, chlorophyll, and tannins, among others. The selection of the most suitable extraction technique should be based on the evaluation of the nature and solubility of the dyeing materials.
  • 759
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
The Ubiquity of Microplastics in the Environment
Plastic is an indispensable material in modern society; however, high production rates combined with inadequate waste management and disposal have resulted in enormous stress on ecosystems. In addition, plastics can become smaller particles known as microplastics (MPs) due to physical, chemical, and biological drivers. MP pollution has become a significant environmental problem affecting terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems worldwide.
  • 563
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Tailoring Ceria-Based Nanocatalysts in Steam Reforming Processes
Ceria-based nanostructures, employed as catalytic supports for noble and non-noble metals, are well-known for their remarkable activity in steam-reforming reactions, exceptional resistance to degradation, and thermal stability.
  • 275
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Microstructure Formation and Processing Features of Non-Alloy Steels
The properties of structural steel during processing are influenced by various structural components, including equilibrium structures, which include austenite and pearlite, as well as non-equilibrium structures like martensite, residual austenite, sorbite, and troostite. The formation of these structures is determined by factors that include temperature, alloy composition, and cooling medium.
  • 525
  • 28 Aug 2023
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