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Topic Review
Phytocannabinoids, Endocannabinoids and Synthetic Cannabinoids
Generally, the term ‘cannabinoids’ refers to a heterogeneous family of compounds that exhibit activity upon particular human cannabinoid receptors, namely CB1 and CB2. They encompass the natural compounds present in the Cannabis plants, lipid mediators called ECs naturally produced by human cells, as well as by all vertebrates on planet Earth, and the synthetic analogs of both groups designed by scientist, called SCs.
  • 444
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Fluorinated Drugs Approved by the FDA (2016–2022)
Fluorine is characterized by high electronegativity and small atomic size, which provide this molecule with the unique property of augmenting the potency, selectivity, metabolic stability, and pharmacokinetics of drugs. Fluorine (F) substitution has been extensively explored in drug research as a means of improving biological activity and enhancing chemical or metabolic stability. Selective F substitution onto a therapeutic or diagnostic drug candidate can enhance several pharmacokinetic and physicochemical properties such as metabolic stability and membrane permeation. The increased binding ability of fluorinated drug target proteins has also been reported in some cases. An emerging line of research on F substitution has been addressed by using 18F as a radiolabel tracer atom in the extremely sensitive methodology of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
  • 847
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Antimicrobial Nanomaterials
Incorporating antimicrobial nanocompounds into materials to prevent microbial adhesion or kill microorganisms has become an increasingly challenging strategy. Many studies have been conducted on the preparation of nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties against diseases caused by pathogens. 
  • 297
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Photonic Upconversion Materials for Organic Lanthanide Complexes
Organic lanthanide complexes have garnered significant attention in various fields due to their intriguing energy transfer mechanism, enabling the upconversion (UC) of two or more low-energy photons into high-energy photons. In comparison to lanthanide-doped inorganic nanoparticles, organic UC complexes hold great promise for biological delivery applications due to their advantageous properties of controllable size and composition.
  • 248
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Fluorescent Probes
Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is a crucial reactive oxygen species that plays a vital role in cellular signal transduction and homeostatic regulation. Determining and visualizing peroxynitrite accurately in biological systems is important for understanding its roles in physiological and pathological activity.
  • 309
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) nanosheets have shown extensive applications due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, the low light absorption efficiency limits their application in optoelectronics. By rolling up 2D TMDCs nanosheets, the one-dimensional (1D) TMDCs nanoscrolls are formed with spiral tubular structure, tunable interlayer spacing, and opening ends. Due to the increased thickness of the scroll structure, the light absorption is enhanced. Meanwhile, the rapid electron transportation is confined along the 1D structure. 
  • 224
  • 31 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Optimizing Efficiency and Exploring Greenhouse-Integrated Organic Photovoltaics
Organic solar cells present distinct advantages including transparency, cost-effective manufacturing potential, and tunable light absorption properties. Recent years have witnessed the development of various strategies aimed at enhancing the performance of Organic solar cells. Utilizing the high optical selectivity and tunability of organic semiconductors, the application of organic photovoltaics in greenhouse integration has also been explored. Tackling the efficiency challenges could be the pivotal factor that shifts organic photovoltaics from a promising technology to a commercial reality.
  • 239
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Nano-Enzymes in Electrochemical Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in maintaining human health and are recognized as indicators of oxidative stress linked to various conditions such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Consequently, detecting ROS levels in biological systems is crucial for biomedical and analytical research. Electrochemical approaches offer promising opportunities for ROS determination due to their exceptional sensitivity, speed, and simplicity of equipment. 
  • 238
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Certitudes in Male Infertility
Male infertility (MI) involves various endogenous and exogenous facts. These include oxidative stress (OS), which is known to alter several physiological pathways and it is estimated to be present at high levels in up to 80% of infertile men. Infertility refers to the problem of couples who achieve a pregnancy but do not carry it to term. Male infertility (MI) is defined as the inability of a male to make a fertile female pregnant, also for a minimum of a one year of unprotected intercourse. As for the male factor, males are found to be solely responsible for 20–30% of infertility cases and contribute to 50% of cases overall.
  • 288
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Deconstructive and Divergent Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products
Deconstructive synthesis, namely building new, challenging structures through bond cleavage of easily accessible moieties, has emerged as a useful design principle in synthesizing bioactive natural products. Divergent synthesis, namely synthesizing many natural products from a common intermediate, can improve the efficiency of chemical synthesis and generate libraries of molecules with unprecedented structural diversity.
  • 357
  • 29 Aug 2023
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