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Topic Review
Biofouling of Blood-Contacting Polymeric Membranes
An extracorporeal blood purification method called continuous renal replacement therapy uses a porous hollow-fiber polymeric membrane that is exposed to prolonged contact with blood. In that condition, like with any other submerged filtration membrane, the hemofilter loses its properties over time and use resulting in a rapid decline in flux. The most significant reason for this loss is biofilm formation, when proteins, blood cells and bacterial cells attach to the membrane surface in complex processes. One method allowing for longer patency of vascular access and a longer lifespan of the membrane is the use of anticoagulation. Other preventive measures include the modification of the membrane itself.
  • 264
  • 01 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Cloud-Point Extraction
The production of food biomass waste has been increasing rapidly. This necessitates urgent measures to be taken so as to utilize them. Since most food biomass waste contains useful bioactive substances, cloud-point extraction (CPE) has emerged as a promising solution to valorize waste. CPE is an extraction method employed for the extraction and preconcentration of various chemical compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids.
  • 594
  • 29 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Rheology of Gels and Yielding Liquids
Gels are understood as soft viscoelastic multicomponent solids that are in the incomplete phase separation state, which, under the action of external mechanical forces, do not transit into a fluid state but rupture like any solid material. Gels can “melt” (again, like any solids) due to a change in temperature or variation in the environment. In contrast to this type of rheology, yielding liquids (sometimes not rigorously referred to as “gels”, especially in relation to colloids) can exist in a solid-like (gel-like) state and become fluid above some defined stress and time conditions (yield stress). At low stresses, their behavior is quite similar to that of permanent solid gels, including the frequency-independent storage modulus. The gel-to-sol transition considered in colloid chemistry is treated as a case of yielding. However, in many cases, the yield stress cannot be assumed to be a physical parameter since the solid-to-liquid transition happens in time and is associated with thixotropic effects. 
  • 564
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Structure of Piezoelectric Accelerometers
Compared with other types of sensors, piezoelectric accelerometers have the advantages of a large range, a wide-frequency band, a simple structure, stable performance, good output linearity, etc. The principle of a piezoelectric accelerometer is based on the property of the active element, and its structure is mainly composed of a mass block, a piezoelectric sensitive element, and a base.
  • 819
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Biomedical Applications of Bio-inspired Nanomaterials in Micro/Nanodevices
Exploring bio-inspired nanomaterials (BINMs) and incorporating them into micro/nanodevices represent a significant development in biomedical applications. Nanomaterials, engineered to imitate biological structures and processes, exhibit distinctive attributes such as exceptional biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and unparalleled versatility. The utilization of BINMs demonstrates significant potential in diverse domains of biomedical micro/nanodevices, encompassing biosensors, targeted drug delivery systems, and advanced tissue engineering constructs. 
  • 599
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Plasticizers on Alginate-Based Films
There has been a growing attempt to manipulate various properties of biodegradable materials to use them as alternatives to their synthetic plastic counterparts. Alginate is a polysaccharide extracted from seaweed or soil bacteria that is considered one of the most promising materials for numerous applications. 
  • 291
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Nanoparticle Deposition Techniques for Diverse Substrates
Nanoparticle deposition on various substrates has gained significant attention due to the potential applications of nanoparticles in various fields. The deposition techniques covered include electron gun evaporation, physical vapor deposition, plasma enriched chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), electrochemical deposition, chemical vapor deposition, electrophoretic deposition, laser metal deposition, and atomic layer deposition (ALD), thermophoretic deposition, supercritical deposition, spin coating, and dip coating.
  • 212
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Calcium Carbonate as a Drugs Controlled Release Carrier
A drug carrier usually refers to a tool that can carry the effective ingredients of drugs into the human body. The drug-controlled release system prepared by a new drug carrier can allow the gradual release of the drug in the human body at a stable rate, thus decreasing the frequency of administration and reducing the toxicity and side effects thereof; however, existing drug carriers generally have problems such as low drug loading, poor biocompatibility, stability, and specificity, each of which could be improved. Calcium carbonate can be used as a sustained-release carrier of active substances, with good biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cost, easy preparation, and broad application prospects. 
  • 134
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Perovskites Application in the Sensing of NPNC Biomarkers
erovskites are materials with a chemical formula of the form ABO3 (oxide-based form) or ABX3 (halogen-based form), ordered in a specific arrangement of atoms in a crystal lattice. It consists of a cubic unit cell in which an atom or ion is located at the center, surrounded by a larger octahedral cage of different atoms or ions. Non-protein nitrogenous compounds (NPNC) such as urea, uric acid, creatine, and creatinine are commonly used as biomarkers of human kidney health. 
  • 245
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Dynamic Metal Nanoclusters
Dynamic metal nanoclusters refer to a class of nanoscale metallic assemblies that exhibit dynamic behavior or undergo structural transformations under certain conditions. Unlike conventional static nanoclusters, dynamic metal nanoclusters can exhibit changes in their size, shape, composition, or ligand environment, leading to altered properties and functionalities. These dynamic characteristics arise from the inherent flexibility and adaptability of the metal nanocluster structures, allowing them to respond to external stimuli or undergo reversible transformations. The study of dynamic metal nanoclusters has gained significant attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields, including catalysis, optics, electronics, and energy storage.
  • 185
  • 28 Sep 2023
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