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Topic Review
Shoppers Investigated by FTIR Spectroscopy
In the recent years, plastic-based shopping bags have become irregular and progressively replaced by compostable ones. To be marketed, these “new plastics” must possess suitable requirements verified by specific bodies, which grant the conformity mark, and the approved physicochemical properties are periodically verified. The fast, inexpensive, non-destructive, easy to use, and reproducible Fourier-Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a technique routinely applied to perform analysis in various industrial sectors. To get reliable information from spectral data, chemometric methods, such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), are commonly suggested. In this context, PCA was herein performed on 4, 5, and 21 × 3251 matrices, collecting the FTIR data from regular and irregular shopping bags, including three freshly extruded films from the Italian industry MecPlast, to predict their compliance with legislation. The results allowed us to unequivocally achieve such information and to classify the bags as suitable for containing fresh food in bulk or only for transport. A self-validated linear model was developed capable to estimate, by acquiring a single FTIR spectrum if, after the productive process, the content of renewable poly-lactic-acid (PLA) in a new produced film respect the expectations. Surprisingly, our findings established that among the grocery bags available on the market, irregular plastic-based shopping bags continue to survive.
  • 745
  • 12 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Poly(aryl-ether-ketone) Materials for Application in Dentistry
Poly(aryl-ether-ketone) materials (PAEKs), a class of high-performance polymers comprised of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK). PEEK is a restorative dental material widely used for prosthetic frameworks due to its superior physical, mechanical, aesthetic, and handling features. Meanwhile, PEKK is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic embraced in the additive manufacturing market.
  • 745
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Hovenia dulcis Thumberg
Hovenia dulcis Thunberg is an herbal plant, belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, widespread in west Asia, USA, Australia and New Zealand, but still almost unknown in Western countries. H. dulcis has been described to possess several pharmacological properties, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective, especially in the hangover treatment, validating its use as an herbal remedy in the Chinese Traditional Medicine. These biological properties are related to a variety of secondary metabolites synthesized by the different plant parts. Root, bark and leaves are rich of dammarane-type triterpene saponins; dihydrokaempferol, quercetin, 3,3′,5′,5,7-pentahydroflavone and dihydromyricetin are flavonoids isolated from the seeds; fruits contain mainly dihydroflavonols, such as dihydromyricetin (or ampelopsin) and hovenodulinol, and flavonols such as myricetin and gallocatechin; alkaloids were found in root, barks (frangulanin) and seeds (perlolyrin), and organic acids (vanillic and ferulic) in hot water extract from seeds. Finally, peduncles have plenty of polysaccharides which justify the use as a food supplement.
  • 745
  • 02 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Isothiocyanate Synthesis Using Elemental Sulfur
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are biologically active molecules found in several natural products and pharmaceutical ingredients. Moreover, due to their high and versatile reactivity, they are widely used as intermediates in organic synthesis.This review considers the best practices for the synthesis of ITCs using elemental sulfur, highlighting recent developments. Additionally, we also reveal that in the catalyst‑free reaction of isocyanides and sulfur, two—until this time overlooked and not investigated—different mechanistic pathways exist.
  • 744
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Electrohydrodynamic Atomization
Electrohydrodynamic atomization, which comprises electrospray and electrospinning, is a physical process induced by an external electric field. The setup of EHDA is relatively simple, consisting of a high-voltage source (positive or negative) that provides external electrical energy and a precursor feeding source mounted with a metal capillary nozzle facing a conductive collector. Although EHDA can be operated in an atmospheric environment, the setup is usually placed in a fume hood with good electrical isolation and ventilation to ensure safety while maintaining the temperature and relative humidity of the workspace.
  • 744
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Immunomodulating Hydrogels for Drug Delivery Applications
One of the most concerning issues with conventional drug delivery platforms is the elicitation of an immune response upon implantation. Different natural and artificial platforms have been used for various biomedical applications ranging from drug and metabolite delivery, gene delivery, and wound healing/regenerative applications. However, most of these platforms suffer due to a compromise on immunogenicity and their respective biomedical applications. Although hydrogels from biomaterials of different origins have shown great promise in various biomedical applications, their immunogenicity, however small, is still a matter of concern, thus preventing their widespread clinical adoption. Hydrogels have been proposed as an excellent platform for various applications in drug delivery and regenerative medicine. Hydrogels are soft, tridimensional crosslinked networks of polymers with a high-water content, similar to the percentage found in human tissue.
  • 744
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a group of natural compounds that are present in several plant families, among which the most predominant are Boraginaceae, Asteraceae, and Fabaceae, and are produced as a defense response against herbivores. PAs are known for their toxicity and for posing an elevated risk to human and animal health when consumed in large quantities over long periods of time.
  • 744
  • 08 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Thermodynamic Aspects Governing Shape Memory Elastomers
Shape memory elastomers have revolutionised the world since their introduction in the 20th century. The ability to tailor chemical structures to produce a family of materials in wide-ranging forms with versatile properties has propelled them to be ubiquitous.
  • 744
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Bioshell Calcium Oxide Water
Bioshell calcium oxide (BiSCaO) exhibits broad microbicidal activity for instance. In this study, we examined possible utility of BiSCaO Water for that purpose. The produced BiSCaO Water contained nanoparticles, and was colorless and transparent, with a pH > 12.7. In vitro assays demonstrated that BiSCaO Water eliminated more than 99.9% of influenza A (H1N1) and Feline calicivirus, Escherichia coli within 15 min for instance. BiSCaO Water exhibit excellent disinfection activities against pathogenic bacteria and viruses (including both enveloped and nonenveloped viruses).
  • 744
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Biohydrogen for Sustainable Energy Solutions
Energy plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of modern nations. Hydrogen is considered the most promising alternative fuel as it can be generated from clean and green sources. Moreover, it is an efficient energy carrier because hydrogen burning only generates water as a byproduct. It is generated from natural gas. However, it can be produced using other methods, i.e., physicochemical, thermal, and biological. The biological method is considered more environmentally friendly and pollution free.
  • 743
  • 03 Nov 2022
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