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Topic Review
Cementitious Materials Mixed with Nanomaterials
Nanotechnology is an innovative developing science in the area of civil engineering that is still in its early stages. Extensive attempts were made to integrate nanomaterials into traditional cementitious pastes to improve performance. Previous research has shown that incorporating nanomaterial into geopolymer concrete (GPC) enhances the geopolymerization and microstructure. As a result of their exceptional and intelligent characteristics, cementitious materials mixed with nanomaterials led to high-performance structural components for various purposes in the building sector.
  • 795
  • 10 May 2022
Topic Review
Electrodeposited Multilayer Metal Nanowires
Because of having high aspect ratio nanowires(NWs) structures offer great advantages in many sensing and biological systems.  Magnetic/non-magnetic multilayered NWs  were fabricated by electrochemical deposition, usually by using potentiostatic, galvanostatic techniques, and they were seen to be kinetic or diffusion control. By using optimized deposition parameters i.e presence of additives, potential, solution concentration, hydrogen evolution and confinement effect of nanopore wall, one can successfully fabricate NWs with well-defined segmented structures for single, bilayer or even tri layer thickness. Structural and chemical compositional of the multilayer NWs was observed by using various characterization techniques i.e electron microscopy, spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Studying the kinetics of the phase transformation of NWs between stable or metastable phases reveals basic thermodynamical information and essential for future various applications.
  • 794
  • 23 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Molecular Sensing with Hyperpolarized 129Xe
Hyperpolarized noble gases have been used early on in applications for sensitivity enhanced NMR. 129Xe has been explored for various applications because it can be used beyond the gas-driven examination of void spaces. Its solubility in aqueous solutions and its affinity for hydrophobic binding pockets allows "functionalization" through combination with host structures that bind one or multiple gas atoms. Moreover, the transient nature of gas binding in such hosts allows the combination with another signal enhancement technique, namely chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST). Different systems have been investigated for implementing various types of so-called Xe biosensors where the gas binds to a targeted host to address molecular markers or to sense biophysical parameters.
  • 794
  • 19 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Sharpless Asymmetric Dihydroxylation
Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation is an important reaction in the enantioselective synthesis of chiral vicinal diols that involves the treatment of alkene with osmium tetroxide along with optically active quinine ligand. Sharpless introduced this methodology after considering the importance of enantioselectivity in the total synthesis of medicinally important compounds.
  • 794
  • 03 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Bis-Chalcone-Based Photoinitiators of Polymerization
Over the past several decades, photopolymerization has become an active research field, and the ongoing efforts to develop new photoinitiating systems are supported by the different applications in which this polymerization technique is involved—including dentistry, 3D and 4D printing, adhesives, and laser writing.
  • 794
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Discovery and Development of Non-nucleoside Reverse-transcriptase Inhibitors
Non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are antiretroviral drugs used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). NNRTIs inhibit reverse transcriptase (RT), an enzyme that controls the replication of the genetic material of HIV. RT is one of the most popular targets in the field of antiretroviral drug development. Discovery and development of NNRTIs began in the late 1980s and in the end of 2009 four NNRTI had been approved by regulatory authorities and several others were undergoing clinical development. Drug resistance develops quickly if NNRTIs are administered as monotherapy and therefore NNRTIs are always given as part of combination therapy, the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  • 793
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
High-efficiency utilization of CO2 facilitates the reduction of CO2 concentration in the global atmosphere and hence the alleviation of the greenhouse effect. The catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to produce value-added chemicals exhibits attractive prospects by potentially building energy recycling loops.
  • 793
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Self-Healing Energetic Composite Materials
Energetic composite materials (ECMs) are the basic materials of polymer binder explosives and composite solid propellants, which are mainly composed of explosive crystals and binders. During the manufacturing, storage and use of ECMs, the bonding surface is prone to micro/fine cracks or defects caused by external stimuli such as temperature, humidity and impact, affecting the safety and service of ECMs. Therefore, substantial efforts have been devoted to designing suitable self-healing binders aimed at repairing cracks/defects.
  • 793
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Electrostatic Repulsion Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography
Electrostatic Repulsion Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography (ERRP) allows the elution of bases in protonated form without peak distorsion (as commonly happen in reversed phase) due to the presence of positive charges in the chromatographic system. 
  • 793
  • 05 Aug 2021
Topic Review
NIR-II Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens for Tumor Phototheranostics
Various modalities are involved in phototheranostic systems, including therapeutic methods such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), and diagnostic technologies such as photothermal imaging (PTI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), and fluorescence imaging (FLI). As an emerging strategy for cancer treatments via generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the assistance of light, tissue oxygen, and photosensitizer (PS), PDT has a remarkable light-controllable ability, specific spatiotemporal selectivity, and minimized invasiveness. Second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorophores possess the capability of surmounting the inherent deficiencies of conventional FLI, by virtue of its remarkable features including deep penetration, reduced tissue scattering, minimal damage, and high spatial resolution endowed by the extremely long wavelength.
  • 792
  • 16 Feb 2022
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