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Topic Review
Multiplexed Nanobiosensors
Nanobiosensors are sensors in which various nanosize materials are used, however, large equipment is still required for whole sensing systems, because they are not, by themselves, able to detect nanoscale events. The current state-of-the-art nanobiosensors are based on several diagnostic methods, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometric immunoassay, electrochemical (amperometric, voltammetric and impedance), immunoassay, mass spectrometric immunoassay, chromatographic immunoassay, and different optical immunoassays. Contemporary multiplexed nanobiosensors are developed for the detection and quantification of clinically relevant analytes in biological and clinical samples (i.e., blood, urine, and saliva).
  • 838
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
High-Entropy Alloy
Cutting edge of high-entropy alloy superconductors from the perspective of materials research.
  • 837
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Electrochemical Biosensors for Pathogen Detection
Electrochemical biosensors are a family of biosensors that use an electrochemical transducer to perform their functions. In recent decades, many electrochemical biosensors have been created for pathogen detection. These biosensors for detecting infections have been comprehensively studied in terms of transduction elements, biorecognition components, and electrochemical methods. The integration of transducers and electrode changes in biosensor design is a major discussion topic. Pathogen detection methods can be categorized by sample preparation and secondary binding processes. Diagnostics in medicine, environmental monitoring, and biothreat detection can benefit from electrochemical biosensors to ensure food and water safety.
  • 837
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Chitosan-Based Polyurethane Flexible Foams
Polyurethane (PUR) foam is a synthetic polymer.
  • 837
  • 14 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Luminescent Ln-Ionic Liquids beyond Europium
What is called an ionic liquid (IL) has a very broad definition, comprising multiple substances possessing a wide diversity of structures and properties. An IL consists of both organic and inorganic ions, and may contain more than one cation or anion. Normally, a substance is considered to be an IL if completely composed of ions, with a melting point below 100 °C. Ionic liquids containing lanthanides or lanthanide compounds in ionic liquids are very important in the field of soft luminescent materials. 
  • 836
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Ring-Fused Benzimidazoles and Imidazobenzimidazoles
The entry covers the synthesis and biological activity of ring-fused benzimidazoles, imidazo[4,5-f]benzimidazoles and imidazo[5,4-f]benzimidazoles. Compounds are bioreductive antitumor agents when the fused benzene part is a quinone or iminoquinone. Reactions are categorized according to the cyclization reaction, and include oxidative cyclizations using the t-amino effect. Other cyclizations are onto the 1- and 2-positions of benzimidazoles using cross-dehydrogenative coupling and homolytic aromatic substitution. Many syntheses are transition metal mediated, but others are metal-free using thermal, electrochemical and photochemical conditions.
  • 836
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Fabric/Fiber-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), as a green energy harvesting technology, has aroused tremendous interest across many fields, such as wearable electronics, implanted electronic devices, and human-machine interfaces. Fabric and fiber-structured materials are excellent candidates for TENG materials due to their inherent flexibility, low cost, and high wearing comfort. Consequently, it is crucial to combine TENG with fabric/fiber materials to simultaneously leverage their mechanical energy harvesting and wearability advantages.
  • 835
  • 17 Aug 2022
Topic Review
COVID 19 MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS
In this approach we will summarise the the last three publications highlighting the key mathematical approach like Exponential F ( x ) to further exponential –Gaussian F ( x ) and finally the Linear Combination of Atomic Orbital ( LCAO ) ie a hybridised SP orbital overlapping to Remdesivir ( Drug ) –Covid19 approach. .Sigmoid Statistics or Logistics regression is a method to applied to Infection fatality rate ( IFR ) the most important epidemological parameters is also under consideration .
  • 835
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
The Coupling in Biological Membranes
Cell membrane structure is proposed as a lipid matrix with embedded proteins, and thus, their emerging mechanical and electrostatic properties are commanded by lipid behavior and their interconnection with the included and absorbed proteins, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix and ionic media. Structures formed by lipids are soft, dynamic and viscoelastic, and their properties depend on the lipid composition and on the general conditions, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength and electrostatic potentials. The dielectric constant of the apolar region of the lipid bilayer contrasts with that of the polar region, which also differs from the aqueous milieu, and these changes happen in the nanometer scale. Besides, an important percentage of the lipids are anionic, and the rest are dipoles or higher multipoles, and the polar regions are highly hydrated, with these water molecules forming an active part of the membrane. Therefore, electric fields (both, internal and external) affects membrane thickness, density, tension and curvature, and conversely, mechanical deformations modify membrane electrostatics. As a consequence, interfacial electrostatics appears as a highly important parameter, affecting the membrane properties in general and mechanical features in particular.
  • 835
  • 12 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Binding Materials for MOF Monolith Shaping Processes
The fabrication of porous Metal Organic Framework materials within resistant structures is a key challenge impeding their wide commercial use for processes such as adsorptive separation. In fact, the integration of nano-scale Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)  crystallic structures into bulk components that can maintain the desired characteristics, for example, size, shape, and mechanical stability, is a prerequisite for their wide practical use in many applications. At the same time, it requires sophisticated shaping techniques that can structure nano/micro-crystalline fine powders of MOFs into diverse types of macroscopic bodies such as monoliths.
  • 835
  • 01 Mar 2022
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