Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Nanostructured Materials for VOC Sensing
Environmental pollution related to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has become a global issue which attracts intensive work towards their controlling and monitoring. To this direction various regulations and research towards VOCs detection have been laid down and conducted by many countries. Distinct devices are proposed to monitor the VOCs pollution. Among them, chemiresistor devices comprised of inorganic-semiconducting materials with diverse nanostructures are most attractive because they are cost-effective and eco-friendly. These diverse nanostructured materials-based devices are usually made up of nanoparticles, nanowires/rods, nanocrystals, nanotubes, nanocages, nanocubes, nanocomposites, etc. They can be employed in monitoring the VOCs present in the reliable sources.
  • 984
  • 04 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Capacitive Field-Effect Bio-Chemical Sensors
       Electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensors belong to a new generation of electronic chips for biochemical sensing, enabling a direct electronic readout. The review gives an overview on recent advances and current trends in the research and development of chemical sensors and biosensors based on the capacitive field-effect EIS structure—the simplest field-effect device, which represents a biochemically sensitive capacitor. Fundamental concepts, physicochemical phenomena underlying the transduction mechanism and application of capacitive EIS sensors for the detection of pH, ion concentrations, and enzymatic reactions, as well as the label-free detection of charged molecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and polyelectrolytes) and nanoparticles, are presented and discussed.
  • 984
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Hydrogels
This entry briefly covers the existing knowledge on the lubrication mechanisms of hydrogels by discussing the main ideas, knowledge gaps and opportunities in the research area.
  • 983
  • 21 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Polysaccharide-Based Aerogel Production
A comparative analysis concerning bio-based gels production, to be used for tissue regeneration, has been performed in this review. These gels are generally applied as scaffolds in the biomedical field, thanks to their morphology, low cytotoxicity, and high biocompatibility.
  • 983
  • 17 May 2021
Topic Review
Antibacterial Agents for Concrete
Concrete is the most used material for the construction of millions of structures around the world. Cementitious structures are often exposed to high humidity environments and the attack of atmospheric agents, such as acid rain, which make them vulnerable to microbial attachment with consequent colonization and deterioration over time. In the light of these considerations, the researchers turned their attention to designing green and sustainable alternative materials that exhibit similar characteristics to the traditional concrete by using nanotechnologies.
  • 982
  • 10 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Boron Nitride Materials
Boron nitride 2D materials are characterized by several defects which affect their optical properties. A better in-sight of the structure is achieved by theoretical calculations which have been used to investigate the boron-nitride defects and their functionalization on the atomic scale. A brief overview of the main theoretical models used to describe the defects-properties relationship is given in the present entry.
  • 982
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Wood Antimicrobial Behavior Test Method
Some wood species have antimicrobial properties and a variety of methods are used to investigate them. For testing the effect of antimicrobial compounds, direct and indirect methods are used. Meanwhile, the survival of microbes is also tested on surfaces (or material in contact with microbes) to validate the safety of surfaces.
  • 982
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Gas Chromatography Olfactometry
Gas Chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) is, by nature, the technique of choice for the screening of the molecules with odour (odorants) responsible for the aromatic sensory properties of any product. Ideally, the GC-O technique should provide an unbiased ranking of the odorants attending to the relevance of their contribution to those sensory properties. Such ranking is essential for further steps directed to the elucidation of the chemical nature of the odorants, for their quantification or for a basic understanding of the chemical bases of the aromatic perception in such product. The review discusses the different approaches for GC-O specifically applied to deciphering wine aroma. The critical difference between approaches is whether the ranking of odorants is carried out on an extract containing all the odorants present in the product or on an extract representative of the odorants contained in the vapour phases that cause the odour and flavor. Historically, most researchers have preferred techniques based on total extracts, because of sensitivity and operational issues. It is argued that the second alternative is more direct and can be more efficient, but it requires a good understanding of the factors affecting orthonasal olfaction, handling volatiles (purging, trapping, eluting, and separating) and about the sensory assessment of GC effluents.
  • 981
  • 12 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Hazards from Burning Impregnated Wood
In the construction industry, a variety wooden products have been used for thousands of years, according to demand, accessibility/availability, and customers’ requirements. Wood is a preferred material due to its large range of properties, depending on the type of wood. It is an easily available and economically competitive material, and also extremely strong in relation to its weight. Therefore, it is used in the production of construction materials, building parts, and finishing components, as well as for furniture and decorative elements. Each of these products is commonly additionally chemically treated to improve its performance parameters. But impregnated wooden products such as furniture and fence boards are often misused, including for house heating, waste incineration, bonfires. etc. For this reason, among the products of combustion there is a whole range of different chemical compounds, frequently carcinogenic, and dangerous for health and the environment, for example heavy metals. Knowledge in this field is important for professions such as: firefighter, lifeguard, people dealing with environmental management, units responsible for waste landfills. On the other hand, important recipients of this information are ordinary residents who, due to a lack of knowledge, use such materials as e.g. heating material.
  • 981
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Semiconductor Materials for Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2
The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 is one of the most effective methods to control CO2 pollution. Therefore, the development of novel high-efficiency semiconductor materials has become an important research field. Semiconductor materials need to have a structure with abundant catalytic sites, among other conditions, which is of great significance for the practical application of highly active catalysts for CO2 reduction. The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 is a surface/interface reaction. It is important to find and use raw materials which are environmentally friendly and effective as catalysts.
  • 981
  • 27 May 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 465
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback