Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Organic Photodetectors
Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have gained increasing interest as they offer cost-effective fabrication methods using solution processes and a tunable spectral response range, making them particularly attractive for large area image sensors on lightweight flexible substrates. Carrier blocking layers engineering is very important to the high performance of OPDs that can select a certain charge carriers (holes or electrons) to be collected and suppress another carrier. Carrier blocking layers of OPDs play a critical role in reducing dark current, boosting their efficiency and long-time stability.
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Production of Bioethanol from Lignocellulosic Biomass
Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass is a complex and lengthy process. It includes several steps from resources to end products, such as sourcing of raw materials (lignocellulosic biomass) and their transportation, biomass pretreatment, saccharification, fermentation and ethanol dehydration, products and by-products management, plus all other resources necessary for the production process, including labour, machinery, utilities, and chemicals.
  • 1.0K
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Oxidative Strong Metal–Support Interactions
Oxidative Strong Metal–Support Interactions (OMSI) can be defined as a phenomenon occurring in a supported metal catalyst that is triggered by oxidative (or non-reductive) conditions with the typical features resembling that of SMSI, including 1) small-molecule of CO or H2 adsorption on metal will be significantly suppressed, 2) the support would encapsulate metal particles, 3) electron transfer from metal to the support, and 4) a reversal of the above phenomena following reduction treatment.
  • 1.0K
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Bio-catalysis in Multicomponent Reactions
Enzyme catalysis is a very active research area in organic chemistry, because biocatalysts are compatible with and can be adjusted to many reaction conditions, as well as substrates. Their integration in multicomponent reactions (MCRs) allows for simple protocols to be implemented in the diversity-oriented synthesis of complex molecules in chemo-, regio-, stereoselective or even specific modes without the need for the protection/deprotection of functional groups.
  • 1.0K
  • 28 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Nanoparticles Migration from Food Packaging
Packaging containing nanoparticles (NPs) can increase the shelf life of products, but the presence of NPs may hazards human life. Nanomaterials that enter the body in a variety of ways can be distributed throughout the body and damage human cells by altering mitochondrial function, producing reactive oxygen, and increasing membrane permeability, leading to toxic effects and chronic disease. The diffusion and migration of nanoparticles can be analyzed by analytical techniques including atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, migration, and titration. Inductively coupled plasma-based techniques demonstrated the best results.
  • 1.0K
  • 05 May 2021
Topic Review
Shellac and Its Potential in the Packaging Application
Shellac, an insect-derived material, has received the least attention due to its scarcity in south Asia. Currently, Shellac is used in various applications, such as furniture polish, glazing agent for candies and pharmaceutical pills, coating on fruits to increase shelf life, primers, smart sensor, 3D printing, and green electronic. However, the limitations of Shellac such as: brittleness with time, self-esterification, low transparency, solubility in alkaline medium and in most organic solvents have limited its usage in the packaging application. Many of these problems can be improved by physical blending or chemical reaction with other materials to make Shellac more durable, impede self-esterification, and facilitate the film-forming ability, which suggests the potential usage of Shellac in packaging applications.
  • 1.0K
  • 21 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Synthesis of Anticancer Polyaromatic Compounds
Bimal Krishna Banik Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, College of Sciences and Human Studies, Deanship of Research, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar 31952, KSA; Email: bimalbanik10@gmail.com; bbanik@pmu.edu.sa Synthesis of several polycyclic aromatic compounds is described. Some of these agents have demonstrated selective anticancer activities in vitro and in animal model. Preliminary mechanistic investigations about the cause of bioactivity are also performed.
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Jun 2020
Topic Review
Coatings Empowering Antiviral/Viricidal Properties
In the surge of the current, alarming scenario of SARS-CoV-2 infections, there is a immediate necessity for developing highly-innovative antiviral agents to work against the viruses with a broad spectrum of antiviral activity. Here-in, science-based methods, mechanisms, and procedures are implemented in obtaining resultant antiviral coated substrates, used in the destruction of the strains of the different viruses are presented. we pay particular attention to recent examples from the materials science and engineering field that highlight how some classes of antiviral drug candidates, such as polymeric materials, metal ions/metal oxides and functional nanomaterials result in acting against the viral spread. Based on the available literature and data, we also disclose some of the strategies for development of a universal and reusable virus deactivation system against the emerging COVID-19.
  • 1.0K
  • 25 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Microbially-Induced Desaturation and Carbonate Precipitation
Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) has been proposed as a sustainable approach to solve various environmental, structural, geotechnical and architectural issues. In the last decade, a ubiquitous microbial metabolism, nitrate reduction (also known as denitrification) got attention in MICP research due to its unique added benefits such as simultaneous corrosion inhibition in concrete and desaturation of porous media. The latter even upgraded MICP into a more advanced concept called microbially induced desaturation and precipitation (MIDP) which is being investigated for liquefaction mitigation.
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Novichok Agent
A Novichok agent (Russian: Новичо́к, "newcomer", "novice", "newbie") is a group of nerve agents, some of which are binary chemical weapons. The agents were developed at the GosNIIOKhT state chemical research institute by the Soviet Union and Russia between 1971 and 1993.[lower-alpha 1] Some Novichok agents at STP are solids while others are liquids. It is thought that dispersal for the solids is possible by ultrafine powder. Russian scientists who developed the nerve agents claim they are the deadliest ever made, with some variants possibly five to eight times more potent than VX, and others up to ten times more potent than soman. As well as Russia, Novichok agents have been known to be produced in Iran. In the 21st century, Novichok agents came to public attention after they were used to poison opponents of the Russian government, including the Skripals and two others in Amesbury, UK (2018) and Alexei Navalny (2020), but civil poisonings with this substance have been known since at least 1995. In November 2019, the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), which is the executive body for the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), added the Novichok agents to "list of controlled substances" of the CWC "in one of the first major changes to the treaty since it was agreed in the 1990s" in response to the 2018 poisonings in the UK.
  • 1.0K
  • 11 Nov 2022
  • Page
  • of
  • 465
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback