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Topic Review
Anti-CCR5 Therapy, Breast Cancer and Its Microenvironment
Breast cancer represents the most common malignancy among women in the world. The local microenvironment around the tumor plays a great role in cancer progression and invasion, representing a promising therapeutic target. CCL5 is a potent chemokine with a physiological role of immune cell attraction and has gained particular attention in R&D for breast cancer treatment. Its receptor, CCR5, is a well-known co-factor for HIV entry through the cell membrane and CCR5 blocking represents a mainstay of HIV treatment. Interestingly, CCL5 is currently described as key pro-oncogenic factor, especially in breast cancer. Several studies blocking the CCL5/CCR5 axis show cancer cells become less invasive and less malignant, with less oncogenic extracellular matrices.
  • 516
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Diabetic Foot with Exercise Therapy
Diabetic foot (DF) is a long-term diabetes complication that can increase morbidity and mortality in addition to affecting mobility and the overall well-being of patients. In particular, the DF has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis that makes it difficult to prevent and treat. In this sense, it is well known that the prevention and treatment of DF disease requires a multidisciplinary approach. Physical activity has always been considered a potential pillar in the prevention of DFD. More recently, it has been reported, that physical activity can contribute in the wound healing phase. Unfortunately, to date, there is no clear and definitive evidence on the role that protocols of physical activity can play in the treatment of patients at risk or with DFD. In order to pursue this objective, it is important to standardize exercise training protocols for the prevention or treatment of these patients. Moreover, it is now possible to organize innovative methods of conducting, monitoring and analysing physical activity performed by patients, even remotely.
  • 516
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Minimally Invasive Capsule Panendoscopy
In the early 2000s, the introduction of single-camera wireless capsule endoscopy (CE) redefined small bowel study. Progress continued with the development of double-camera devices, first for the colon and rectum, and then, for panenteric assessment. Advancements continued with magnetic capsule endoscopy (MCE), particularly when assisted by a robotic arm, designed to enhance gastric evaluation.
  • 518
  • 04 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Public–Private Partnerships Model Applied to Hospitals
When the public–private partnership (PPP) model is applied to healthcare (hospitals), it is possible to discover the path to success by developing a critical assessment and deriving a clear model. Most PPP model implementations in hospitals around the world have produced favorable outcomes, both in terms of the performance of healthcare units and in terms of cost-effectiveness. 
  • 515
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Tribocorrosion in Dental Implants
Tribocorrosion is a current and very discussed theme in tribology and medicine for its impact on industrial applications. The phenomena are mainly oriented to the biological environment and, in particular, to medical devices such as hip prostheses, dental implants, knee joints, etc. The term tribocorrosion underlines the simultaneous action of wear and corrosion in a tribocouple. It has a non-negligible effect on the total loss of contact materials and the potential failure of the bio-couplings. 
  • 515
  • 29 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Alcohol Use in Pregnancy
Understanding the factors that contribute to women’s alcohol use in pregnancy is of critical importance to women's health and prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Alcohol use in pregnancy is influenced by a range of contextual and structural factors, including poverty, histories of trauma and violence, physical and mental health concerns, normalization of alcohol in social networks, sociocultural and economic vulnerabilities and disadvantage, and child welfare involvement. Therefore, beyond supporting individual change, it is necessary to address a range of structural and systemic issues through the adoption of emerging gender-, trauma-, cultural, and equity-informed interventions. 
  • 515
  • 24 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Relationship Dynamics among BC Couples
This entry shows the dynamics that characterize couples during the breast cancer treatment pathway by underlining the areas that can predict a positive dyadic adaptation. More specifically, couples who maintain a resilient intimacy, build constructive mutual communication, adopt common dyadic coping strategies and provide mutual psychosocial support report higher levels of relationship functioning. These marriages are characterized by high levels of enmeshment and less rigidity in terms of rules and roles and flexible interaction patterns.
  • 514
  • 22 Jul 2021
Topic Review
SERVQUAL Method as an “Old New” Tool
The SERVQUAL model, which is a research tool, determines the relative impact of five dimensions, namely, tangibility, reliability, responsibility, confidence, and empathy, on customer perception. In the medical field, an efficient identification of errors in the process of creating and providing services is conducive to high quality. The SQ method basically refers to gap 5, the last one in the above list, combining service quality design from the customer’s point of view, where the customer is also the service provider. Service evaluation is carried out by means of a questionnaire/survey, dedicated to this method and regarded as a measurement tool. The Servqual method enables to learn the patient's expectations, while the service provider can identify irregularities and implement corrections. It allows the executive staff of medical facilities to change elements of medical procedures, which improves the quality of the service provided and thus increases satisfaction and compliance of patients.
  • 514
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Cervical Cancer Protection in Japan
In Japan, government subsidies for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of girls aged 13–16 commenced in 2010. By early 2013, vaccination had become a widely accepted national immunization program. However, in June of 2013, the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW), the government’s lead agency, suspended its recommendation for vaccination in response to reports of adverse vaccine events. The rate of HPV vaccination quickly dropped from 70% to almost zero, where it has lingered for eight years. In 2020, a new 9-valent HPV vaccine was licensed in Japan. The momentum seemed to be building for the resumption of HPV vaccinations, yet Japanese mothers remain widely hesitant about vaccinating their daughters, despite the well-proven safety and efficacy of the HPV vaccines. 
  • 514
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Clinical Diagnosis and Manifestation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or the colitides, encompasses Crohn’s colitis (CC) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two highly heterogeneous, debilitating, incurable, persistent, relapsing/worsening, immune-arbitrated inflammatory pathologies of the digestive system canal.
  • 514
  • 27 Apr 2022
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