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All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Baby-Led Weaning
Baby-led weaning (BLW) is an increasingly popular way of expanding an infant’s diet. It is based on the baby becoming physically ready to eat on his or her own, effectively supplementing his or her diet, which was previously based on breast milk or modified milk. In the traditional approach to complementary feeding, parents usually feed their infants pureed foods (mush) with a spoon, gradually introducing an increasing variety of tastes and textures as they grow, until solid foods are introduced. The process of diet expansion with the BLW method is guided by the child, using its skills and instinct. According to Brown and Lee, BLW is “a procedure in which the infant feeds himself, and feeding by the parent or serving smooth purees may occur occasionally, up to 10% of the total feeding time”. The role of the first solid foods, often referred to as complementary foods, in expanding an infant’s diet is not to replace breast milk or formula milk, but to be in addition to it.
  • 543
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
PENG-Based Non-Invasive Medical Sensors
Piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) not only are able to harvest mechanical energy from the ambient environment or body and convert mechanical signals into electricity but can also inform people about pathophysiological changes and communicate this information using electrical signals, thus acting as medical sensors to provide personalized medical solutions to patients.
  • 544
  • 19 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Walking Needs and COVID-19
More than 150 cities around the world have expanded emergency cycling and walking infrastructure to increase their resilience in the face of the COVID 19 pandemic. This tendency toward walking has led it to becoming the predominant daily mode of transport that also contributes to significant changes in the relationships between the hierarchy of walking needs and walking behaviour. These changes need to be addressed in order to increase the resilience of walking environments in the face of such a pandemic.
  • 543
  • 26 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Association between Air Pollutant and COVID-19 Confirmed Cases
The COVID-19 pandemic raises awareness of how the fatal spreading of infectious disease impacts economic, political, and cultural sectors, which causes social implications. Across the world, strategies aimed at quickly recognizing risk factors have also helped shape public health guidelines and direct resources; however, they are challenging to analyze and predict since those events still happen. 
  • 542
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Classroom Active Desks
Classroom active desks refer to the desks placed in the classroom and can be moved in teaching activities. This entry was to examine the effects of active desks in the school setting on sedentary behavior, physical activity, academic achievements and overall health among children and adolescents aged 5–17 years. 
  • 542
  • 08 Apr 2021
Topic Review
COVID-19 during Gestation
COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 has reached pandemic proportions worldwide, with considerable consequences for both health and the economy. In pregnant women, COVID-19 can alter the metabolic environment, iron metabolism, and oxygen supply of trophoblastic cells, and therefore have a negative influence on pregnant women and mechanisms of fetal development, with implications in the postnatal life. The purpose of this study was to investigate, for the first time, the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy with regard to the oxidative/antioxidant status in mothers’ serum and placenta, together with placental iron metabolism. Results showed no differences in superoxide dismutase activity and placental antioxidant capacity. However, antioxidant capacity decreased in the serum of infected mothers. Catalase activity decreased in the COVID-19 group, while an increase in 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine, hydroperoxides, 15-FT-isoprostanes, and carbonyl groups were recorded in this group. Placental vitamin D, E, and Coenzyme-Q10 also showed to be increased in the COVID-19 group. As for iron-related proteins, an up-regulation of placental DMT1, ferroportin-1, and ferritin expression was recorded in infected women. Due to the potential role of iron metabolism and oxidative stress in placental function and complications, further research is needed to explain the pathogenic mechanism of COVID-19 that may affect pregnancy, so as to assess the short-term and long-term outcomes in mothers’ and infants’ health.
  • 542
  • 28 Jan 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment Approaches
COVID-19 is an infectious disease declared as a pandemic on 11 March 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). As the pandemic evolved, so did the search for potential prophylactic and therapeutic agents. Several therapies have been developed, including vaccines, antivirals, monoclonal antibodies, and others. 
  • 542
  • 08 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Techniques for Schistosomiasis
Diagnostic tools play a pivotal role in warfare against schistosomiasis but must adapt to the endemic status and objectives of activities. With the decrease of prevalence and infection intensity of schistosomiasis in human beings and livestock, optimal methodologies with high sensitivity and absolute specificity are needed for the detection of asymptomatic cases or light infections, as well as disease surveillance to verify elimination. In comparison with the parasitological methods with relatively low sensitivity and serological techniques lacking specificity, which both had been widely used in previous control stages, the molecular detection methods based on the amplification of promising genes of the schistosome genome may pick up the baton to assist the eventual aim of elimination.
  • 542
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity
Obesity and ageing place a tremendous strain on the global healthcare system. Age-related sarcopenia is characterized by decreased muscular strength, decreased muscle quantity, quality, and decreased functional performance. Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity and has a substantial influence on the older adults’ health.
  • 541
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Self-Management of Chronic Disease in Children
Self-management of chronic illness leads to improved health outcomes. The acquisition of self-management skills in pediatrics is a process supported by the family, health professionals and the community, in which the nurse, in partnership, can promote communication and health education through cognitive strategies, behavioral programs included in physical or online programs, adjusted to the patients’ needs.
  • 541
  • 18 Jan 2022
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